Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40858613›Full record

SynthesisNature communications2025

Sex-stratified genome-wide association meta-analysis of major depressive disorder.

Jodi T Thomas, Jackson G Thorp, Floris Huider, Poppy Z Grimes, Rujia Wang, Pierre Youssef, Jonathan R I Coleman, Enda M Byrne, Mark Adams, BIONIC consortium and 15 more

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Cellular transcriptomic signatures underpinning the heterogeneity of depression in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Sex differences in LDL-C genetic architecture and statin efficacy in All of Us.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Jodi T ThomasBrain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. Jodi.Thomas@qimrb.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7622-4479
Jackson G ThorpBrain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9461-6417
Floris HuiderDepartment of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7776-7988
Poppy Z GrimesDivision of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-2382
Rujia WangSocial, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Pierre YoussefBrain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Jonathan R I ColemanSocial, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6759-0944
Enda M ByrneUniversity of Queensland, Child Health Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9491-7797
Mark AdamsDivision of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3599-6018
BIONIC consortium
GLAD Study
Sarah E MedlandBrain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1382-380X
Ian B HickieBrain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8832-9895
Catherine M OlsenPopulation Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4483-1888
David C WhitemanPopulation Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2563-9559
Heather C WhalleyDivision of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4505-8869
Brenda W J H PenninxAmsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7779-9672
Hanna M van LooDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9282-8053
Eske M DerksBrain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6292-6883
Thalia C EleySocial, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6458-0700
Gerome BreenSocial, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2053-1792
Dorret I BoomsmaDepartment of Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7099-7972
Naomi R WrayInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7421-3357
Nicholas G MartinBrain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4069-8020
Brittany L MitchellBrain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. Brittany.Mitchell@qimrb.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9050-1516

Funding

An Integrative Approach to the Etiology of Internalizing Disorders in the Lifelines CohortR01MH125902 · NIMH · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI KENNETH SEEDMAN KENDLER, Hanna van Loo · 2022 to 2026
$2.8M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH125902Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There are striking sex differences in the prevalence and symptomology of Major Depressive Disorder. Here, we conduct the largest sex-stratified genome wide association and genotype-by-sex interaction meta-analyses of Major Depressive Disorder to date (Females: 130,471 cases, 159,521 controls. Males: 64,805 cases, 132,185 controls). We identify 16 and eight independent genome-wide significant variants in females and males, respectively, including one novel variant on the X chromosome. Major Depressive Disorder in females and males shows substantial genetic overlap with a large proportion of variants displaying similar effect sizes across sexes. However, we also provide evidence for a higher burden of genetic risk in females which could be due to female-specific variants. Additionally, sex-specific pleiotropic effects may contribute to the higher prevalence of metabolic symptoms in females with Major Depressive Disorder. These findings underscore the importance of considering sex-specific genetic architectures in the study of health conditions, including Major Depressive Disorder, paving the way for more targeted treatment strategies.

Indexed as

Genome-Wide Association StudyMajor Depressive DisorderFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenotypeHumansMalePolymorphism, Single NucleotideSex Factors

Identifiers

PMID40858613
PMCPMC12381276

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.