Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40858314›Full record

ArticleAsian spine journal2025

Augmented reality-guided pedicle screw fixation: an experimental study.

Sang-Min Park, Dongjoon Kim, Jiwon Park, Ho-Joong Kim, Jin S Yeom

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Article in Asian spine journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Global analysis and prospects of assisted pedicle screw placement surgery: a bibliometric study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sang-Min ParkSpine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
Dongjoon KimSchool of Information Convergence, College of Software and Convergence, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea.
Jiwon ParkDepartment of Orthopaedics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea.
Ho-Joong KimSpine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
Jin S YeomSpine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.

Funding

Institute for Information & Communications Technology PromotionMinistry of Science and ICT 2017-0-01815
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

STUDY

designCadaveric experimental study. PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of pedicle screw placement using a custom-developed augmented reality-assisted pedicle screw fixation (ARPSF) system in a porcine spine model. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Conventional pedicle screw placement techniques face limitations including potential inaccuracy, radiation exposure, and workflow disruption. Augmented reality technology can overlay virtual surgical planning directly onto the operative field while maintaining the surgeon's focus on the patient.

methodsFive porcine cadaveric lumbar spines were used in this study. A custom-developed head-mounted display system with optical tracking projected three-dimensional reconstructed spine models and planned screw trajectories into the surgeon's field of view. A single experienced spine surgeon placed 50 pedicle screws (4.5 mm diameter). Registration was performed using a point-pair matching technique with fifteen anatomical landmarks. Accuracy was assessed via postoperative computed tomography scan, measuring entry point deviation, trajectory deviation, and angular difference, and evaluated using the Gertzbein-Robbins classification.

resultsOf the 50 pedicle screws placed, 47 (94%) achieved grade A accuracy with complete containment within the pedicle. The remaining three screws (6%) were classified as grade B, with minor breaches less than 2 mm. No unsafe placements (grades C-E) occurred. The mean entry point deviation was 0.55 mm (standard deviation [SD]=0.33 mm), and the mean deviation at the screw tip was 0.71 mm (SD=0.32 mm). The mean axial angular deviation was 2.04° (SD=0.58°). The average placement time was 2.2 minutes per screw.

conclusionsThe custom-developed ARPSF system demonstrated high accuracy for pedicle screw placement in a porcine model, achieving submillimeter precision and minimal angular deviation. This experimental study shows the potential of augmented reality technology to enhance spine instrumentation precision.

Indexed as

Augmented realityHead-mounted displayPedicle screw fixationPorcine cadaver spine

Identifiers

PMID40858314
PMCPMC12765911

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.