Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40857536›Full record

ArticleStatistics in biopharmaceutical research2025

A novel longitudinal rank-sum test for multiple primary endpoints in clinical trials: Applications to neurodegenerative disorders.

Xiaoming Xu, Dhrubajyoti Ghosh, Sheng Luo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Statistics in biopharmaceutical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Xiaoming XuDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Dhrubajyoti GhoshDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Sheng LuoDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.

Funding

Research Education Component CoreP30AG072958 · NIA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI GWENN A GARDEN, Heather E. Whitson · 2021 to 2026
$24.1M
Integrative modeling and dynamic prediction of Alzheimer's diseaseR01AG064803 · NIA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI LUO, SHENG · 2020 to 2024
$2.3M
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072958NIA NIH HHS R01 AG064803
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) present a significant global health challenge, characterized by cognitive decline, functional impairment, and other debilitating effects. Current AD clinical trials often assess multiple longitudinal primary endpoints to comprehensively evaluate treatment efficacy. Traditional methods, however, may fail to capture global treatment effects, require larger sample sizes due to multiplicity adjustments, and may not fully utilize the available longitudinal data. To address these limitations, we introduce the Longitudinal Rank Sum Test (LRST), a novel nonparametric rank-based omnibus test statistic. The LRST enables a comprehensive assessment of treatment efficacy across multiple endpoints and time points without the need for multiplicity adjustments, effectively controlling Type I error while enhancing statistical power. It offers flexibility for various data distributions encountered in AD research and maximizes the utilization of longitudinal data. Simulations across realistic clinical trial scenarios, including those with conflicting treatment effects, and real-data applications demonstrate the LRST's performance, underscoring its potential as a valuable tool in AD clinical trials.

Indexed as

Global testNonparametricsrank-sum-type testU-Statistics

Identifiers

PMID40857536
PMCPMC12352412

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.