Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40857471›Full record

ArticleBilingualism (Cambridge, England)2025

Community language exposure affects voice onset time patterns in Spanish-English bilingual children and functional English monolingual children.

Robert Mayr, Simona Montanari, Jeremy Steffman, Manifa Baghomian

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bilingualism (Cambridge, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Robert MayrCentre for Speech, Hearing and Communication Research, Cardiff Metropolitan University.ORCID 0000-0002-3647-3796
Simona MontanariCentre for Speech, Hearing and Communication Research, Cardiff Metropolitan University.
Jeremy SteffmanLinguistics and English Language, The University of Edinburgh.
Manifa BaghomianDepartment of English, California State University, Los Angeles.

Funding

Speech Sound Perception and Production in Spanish/English Bilingual PreschoolersR15DC019493 · NIDCD · CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY LOS ANGELES · PI MONTANARI, SIMONA · 2021 to 2021
$438k
NIDCD NIH HHS R15 DC019493
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study examined English VOT productions by 37 Spanish-English bilingual children and 37 matched functional monolinguals, all aged 3-6 years, from the same Latinx community. It also assessed the bilinguals' Spanish stop productions and investigated the effects of age and language exposure on their VOT productions. The results revealed credible between-group differences on English voiced, but not voiceless, stops, with shorter VOTs for bilinguals. However, both groups exhibited similar pre-voicing levels, which may suggest an effect of the community language, Spanish, not only on the bilinguals' English VOT patterns but also the monolinguals'. The study also found cross-linguistic differentiation of voiceless stops, but not voiced ones, in the bilinguals' productions and revealed effects of age and exposure not only on VOT in Spanish but also in the majority language, English. These findings have important implications for the conceptualization of monolingual-bilingual comparisons in settings where the community and majority language coexist.

Indexed as

functional monolingualsSpanish-English bilingual childrenstop productionvoice onset time

Identifiers

PMID40857471
PMCPMC12373127

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.