Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40857439›Full record

ArticleThe American statistician2025

A Cornucopia of Maximum Likelihood Algorithms.

Kenneth Lange, Xun-Jian Li, Hua Zhou

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The American statistician, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Generalizations of the quadratic bound optimization principle.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Kenneth LangeDepartments of Computational Medicine, Human Genetics, and Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
Xun-Jian LiDepartment of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
Hua ZhouDepartments of Biostatistics and Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.

Funding

Genomics, GPUs, and Next Generation Computational StatisticsR01HG006139 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI SOBEL, ERIC · 2011 to 2023
$5.1M
Modeling, Inference, and Optimization for Genomic and Biomedical Big DataR35GM141798 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI LANGE, KENNETH L · 2021 to 2025
$2.7M
Transforming Precision Medicine: Dynamic Learning and Prediction of Disease Progression in Massive, Diverse, and Multimodal CohortsR01DK142026 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI GANG LI, Hua Zhou · 2025 to 2026
$1.1M
NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG006139NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK142026NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM141798
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Classroom expositions of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) rely on traditional calculus methods to construct analytic solutions. This creates in students a false sense of the ease with which MLE problems can be attacked. In a nod to reality, some teachers mention and apply Newton's method, Fisher scoring, and the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. Although preferable to leaving students in a state of ignorance, such brief expositions ultimately fail to expose the full body of relevant techniques. Some of these techniques extend more readily to high-dimensional data problems than Newton's method and scoring. The current paper emphasizes block ascent and descent, profile likelihoods, the minorization-maximization (MM) principle, and their creative combination. These themes are put to work in readable Julia code to solve several MLE problems.

Indexed as

block ascentconvexitymaximum likelihood estimationMM principleNewton’s methodprofile likelihood

Identifiers

PMID40857439
PMCPMC12362414

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.