ArticlePloS one2025
Nurse resilience, burnout, pandemic stress, and post-traumatic stress: A secondary analysis of a longitudinal cohort.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Observational
- Anxiety and depression among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Khujand, Tajikistan.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- From Burnout to Resilience: Addressing Moral Injury in Nursing Through Organizational Innovation in the Post-Pandemic Era.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Investigating Factors Affecting the Nursing Shortage During the First and Acute Phase of COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery researchReview
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIt is estimated that approximately one-fifth of nurses in the United States will leave the profession by 2027 due to stress and burnout caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unknown how burnout, resilience, and post-traumatic stress changed during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in frontline nurses. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate how resilience, burnout, and post-traumatic stress changed in hospital-based nurses from 2020 to 2022. Secondary objectives were to describe the relationships between them and test whether burnout and resilience mediated the relationship between pandemic stress and post-traumatic stress.
methodsThis was a secondary analysis of a longitudinal cohort study of hospital nurses who participated in the COVID-19 Study and Registry of Healthcare and Support Personnel (CHAMPS) Registry. Changes in resilience, burnout, and post-traumatic stress (PTS) were evaluated using repeated measures ANOVA. Path analysis was conducted using multiple regressions to identify whether burnout and resilience acted as mediators between pandemic stress and post-traumatic stress.
resultsThirty-two participants were included in all four waves of the longitudinal study, with a range of 32 to 740 participants across all time points. Changes in PTS were significant, while changes in burnout and resilience were not. Eighty-nine participants were available for the regression models used to answer the secondary objectives. Burnout mediated the relationship between pandemic stress and post-traumatic stress, but resilience did not. In addition, adequate protective equipment was found to be a predictor of lower pandemic stress.
conclusionsPost-traumatic stress peaked in 2020 during lockdown in the United States and decreased significantly by 2022. Resilience and burnout did not change between 2020 and 2022. The results of this study can guide healthcare organizations in providing frontline healthcare workers with mental health resources, especially at the outset of a pandemic.
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