SynthesisPloS one2025
Effectiveness of tuberculosis preventive treatment on disease incidence among people living with HIV/AIDS: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bridging Programmatic Gap in Post-TB Treatment Prevention: Applying the COM-B Model and Behavior Change Wheel to Improve the Uptake of TB Preventive Therapy.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Expanding the Frontiers of Tuberculosis Prevention: Moving from Targeted Preventive Therapy to Integrated Public Health Strategies.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Tuberculosis after TB Preventive Therapy in Persons Living with HIV Recently Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy, Mozambique.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundClinical trials have shown the protective efficacy of tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) for averting disease and death from tuberculosis among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). TPT has been recommended for PLHIV since the 1980s. However, tuberculosis is still the first cause of death in PLHIV.
objectiveWe aimed to summarize the evidence related to the real-world effectiveness of TPT on tuberculosis incidence among PLHIV.
methodThis is a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. The search was carried out in PubMed (via MEDLINE), Embase, LILACS, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Free and controlled vocabulary was used for the searches, with no restrictions on language or publication period. Studies reporting hazard ratios (HR) for tuberculosis incidence among PLHIV who received TPT were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis models. Meta-regression was performed to assess whether study-level characteristics accounted for heterogeneity, as evaluated by Cochran's I² statistic. Study quality was appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024586273).
resultsAmong 8,330 screened studies, 34 were included, with nine contributing to the meta-analysis. TPT was associated with a 63% reduction in tuberculosis incidence risk (HR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.28-0.48; I² = 43%). Children exhibited consistent stronger protection (82% risk reduction, HR = 0.18, 0.09-0.37; I² = 0%) than adults (56% reduction, HR = 0.44, 0.37-0.53; I² = 21%).
conclusionIn real world conditions, TPT significantly and substantially reduces tuberculosis incidence in PLHIV, with consistent evidence of stronger protective effects in children. Despite some heterogeneity among adult studies, the pooled evidence confirms the protective effectiveness previously observed in clinical trials. These findings reinforce the global recommendation for broad implementation of TPT among PLHIV.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.