Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40856659›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of gastroenterology2026

Spray Cryotherapy Esophageal Consortium Consensus Recommendations for Liquid Nitrogen Spray Cryotherapy in Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Cancer Using a Modified Delphi Process.

Tilak Shah, Zaid Ansari, Akram Ahmad, Walter Coyle, Bruce B Greenwald, Toufic Kachaamy, Shivangi Kothari, Neil Sharma, George Smallfield, Shyam Thakkar and 12 more

Abstract readConsensus Statement
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of gastroenterology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Tilak ShahDigestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Weston, Weston, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4818-2571
Zaid AnsariDigestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Weston, Weston, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5223-1412
Akram AhmadDigestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Weston, Weston, Florida, USA.
Walter CoyleDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2328-3982
Bruce B GreenwaldDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Toufic KachaamyGastrointestinal Cancer Center, City of Hope Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2917-5942
Shivangi KothariDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Neil SharmaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
George SmallfieldMitchell Endoscopy Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7155-4439
Shyam ThakkarDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West Virginia University Medical Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8671-9961
Franklin TsaiDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California, USA.
Han ZhangDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California, USA.
Shai FriedlandDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford Medical Center, Redwood City, California, USA.
Norio FukamiDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1671-7519
Shaffer MokGastrointestinal Cancer program, Moffit Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8734-5260
Alireza SedaratDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Michael SmithDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7209-7118
John VargoDigestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Pankaj VashiGastrointestinal Cancer Center, City of Hope, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Field WillinghamDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Emory University Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7071-3001
Alla TurshudzhyanDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6867-7569
Vivek KaulDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7978-7517

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe study aimed to develop consensus recommendations for the safe and appropriate use of liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal cancer.

methodsStatements were initially formulated and grouped into categories of indications, training, preprocedure, intraprocedure, and postprocedure recommendations, frequency/timing of repeat procedures, and contraindications. Two investigators assessed the strength of the evidence for each statement using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. Nineteen experts were invited to participate in a modified Delphi process. For statements that received >80% agreement, minor iterative edits were performed until there was unanimous consensus. If a threshold of 80% agreement was not reached, the statement was modified based on feedback and included in the next Delphi round. Statements were rejected if no consensus was reached after 3 rounds.

resultsAfter 3 Delphi rounds, 41 of 42 statements were accepted either in their original version (n = 11) or after modification based on expert input (n = 30). DISCUSSION: Through a modified Delphi process, we developed expert and evidence-based consensus recommendations to guide safe and appropriate use of liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal cancer.

Indexed as

Barrett EsophagusCryosurgeryCryotherapyEsophageal NeoplasmsNitrogenDelphi TechniqueEsophagoscopyHumansNitrogenAblation techniquesBarrett esophagusConsensus Development ConferenceCryotherapyEsophageal neoplasms

Identifiers

PMID40856659
PMCPMC13313478

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.