Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40856082›Full record

Trial reportCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2025

Regulation of Somatosensory Temporal Discrimination Threshold Through Motor Training: An EEG and Kinematics Study.

Jinyan Zhang, Wangjun Zou, Binbin Gao, Jinglong Wu, Zhilin Zhang, Jian Zhang, Luyao Wang, Tianyi Yan

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jinyan ZhangSchool of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.ORCID 0009-0001-2001-1773
Wangjun ZouSchool of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.ORCID 0009-0002-1881-8241
Binbin GaoSchool of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7754-2471
Jinglong WuSchool of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6330-8235
Zhilin ZhangResearch Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2442-0478
Jian ZhangSchool of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1327-7896
Luyao WangInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9488-4040
Tianyi YanSchool of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2674-4134

Funding

Changchun Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Special Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Branch under Grant 22SH09Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 21K15614Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province 2023B0303030002National Natural Science Foundation of China 62306035National Natural Science Foundation of China 62336002National Natural Science Foundation of China 62373056Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China 2023A0505050162Shenzhen Basic Research Program JCYJ20241202124804007Shenzhen Basic Research Program JCYJ20241202124859016
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsMotor training enhances somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold (STDT), but the distinct neural mechanisms underlying actual execution versus motor imagery remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of ball-rotation training (BRT; actual execution) and visual-guided imagery (VGI; motor imagery) on STDT, kinematic performance, and neurophysiological plasticity in healthy adults.

methodsForty-eight right-handed participants were randomized into four groups: BRT (actual execution), VGI (motor imagery without movement), tactile control (simple gripping), and no-intervention control. Over seven days, participants underwent pre-/post-training assessments including kinematic analysis, STDT measurement, power spectral analysis and somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs).

resultsBRT significantly enhanced motor performance (83% score increase vs. 21% in controls, p < 0.001) and movement speed (37% cycle time reduction vs. 12%-16% in others, p < 0.001), with partial transfer to the untrained hand. Both interventions reduced STDT but at distinct locations: BRT selectively improved index finger discrimination (64.02 ms → 43.75 ms, p = 0.007), while VGI enhanced palm sensitivity (73.43 ms → 61.13 ms, p = 0.003). Neurophysiologically, SEPs revealed increased spatial inhibition ratio (SIR) plasticity in both BRT and VGI (p < 0.001), correlating with STDT gains. EEG demonstrated BRT-induced gamma-band power increases in parietal regions and theta-band elevations in prefrontal cortex, whereas VGI modulated delta-band activity in ipsilateral parietal cortex.

conclusionActual execution (BRT) and motor imagery (VGI) enhance STDT through distinct neuroplastic mechanisms: BRT optimizes sensorimotor integration via parietal gamma/prefrontal theta oscillations, while VGI relies on ipsilateral parietal delta modulation. These findings underscore the role of cortical reorganization in motor learning and support tailored rehabilitation strategies for neurological disorders.

Indexed as

Discrimination, PsychologicalEvoked Potentials, SomatosensoryImaginationPsychomotor PerformanceSensory ThresholdsAdultBiomechanical PhenomenaElectroencephalographyFemaleHumansMaleYoung AdultEEGkinematic analysismotor trainingsensorimotor integrationSEPSTDT

Identifiers

PMID40856082
PMCPMC12378431

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.