Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40855806›Full record

Observational studyThe Journal of school health2025

The Impact of Nutrition Training Programs on Knowledge, Confidence, and Behavioral Intention Among School Nutrition Professionals.

Wenhao Zhang, Brianna Routh, Molly Stenberg, Haley Scott

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in The Journal of school health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Wenhao ZhangDepartment of Food Systems, Nutrition, and Kinesiology, College of Education, Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-5638-7253
Brianna RouthMontana State University Extension, Department of Food Systems, Nutrition, and Kinesiology, College of Education, Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
Molly StenbergMontana Team Nutrition, Department of Food Systems, Nutrition, and Kinesiology, College of Education, Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
Haley ScottMontana Team Nutrition, Department of Food Systems, Nutrition, and Kinesiology, College of Education, Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.

Funding

United States Department of Agriculture
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundU.S. Department of Agriculture Child Nutrition Programs provide essential nutrition supporting student health and academic outcomes. Rural school nutrition professionals (SNPs) face challenges such as staff shortages, limited resources, and inadequate training. This study evaluates a flexible training program tailored to address these issues.

methodsGuided by the Theory of Planned Behavior and Lippitt-Knoster model, an observational cohort study design with pre- and post-training evaluations measured SNPs' knowledge, confidence, and behavioral intention. Participants completed 40-h director or 8-h staff training delivered through live virtual, asynchronous virtual, and in-person formats. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U tests, and three-way cross-tabulations.

resultsParticipants demonstrated significant improvements in confidence levels and knowledge of both school nutrition basics and culinary skills. High behavioral intentions toward desirable practices were observed among participants. Flexible delivery formats enhanced participation and satisfaction, with virtual options especially beneficial for rural settings. IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY: Flexible, theory-based training models addressing rural SNPs' specific needs improve school meal quality, staff retention, and equitable access to nutrition education.

conclusionsTailored training programs incorporating diverse methods and incentives strengthen rural SNP capacity, enhancing health outcomes for students.

Indexed as

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeNutritionistsSchool Health ServicesAdultCohort StudiesFemaleHumansIntentionMaleRural Populationbehavioral intentionconfidenceknowledgeSNPstraining programs

Identifiers

PMID40855806
PMCPMC12535951

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.