Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40855400›Full record

ReviewCurrent reviews in musculoskeletal medicine2025

Artificial Intelligence in Planning for Spine Surgery.

Iyad S Ali, Yianni Bakaes, James S MacLeod, Tony Y Lee, Sia Cho, Wellington K Hsu

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Global analysis and prospects of assisted pedicle screw placement surgery: a bibliometric study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026
    Article
  6. Intraoperative Navigation in Cervical Spine Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Iyad S AliDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 259 E Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. iyad.ali@northwestern.edu.
Yianni BakaesDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 259 E Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
James S MacLeodDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 259 E Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Tony Y LeeDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 259 E Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Sia ChoDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 259 E Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Wellington K HsuDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 259 E Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewThere has been an expanding role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in spine surgery, particularly in operative planning, intraoperative navigation, and postoperative management. With a focus on patient-specific surgical strategies, AI technologies offer new possibilities for improving surgical accuracy, reducing risks, and enhancing patient outcomes in spine care. RECENT

findingsAI models have shown strong accuracy in preoperative planning, with neural networks outperforming traditional algorithms in patient selection and outcome prediction. Advances in 3D modeling, supported by machine learning, enable efficient, patient-specific anatomical reconstructions, reducing manual segmentation time from hours to seconds. In intraoperative navigation, AI-driven virtual and augmented reality systems enhance screw placement precision and reduce radiation exposure by up to 90%, improving workflow and safety. Additionally, real-time AI-based decision support has decreased operative time and postoperative risks, while postoperative AI applications now support mortality risk stratification and discharge planning, yielding significant predictive accuracy for adverse events and extended stays. AI technologies are transforming spine surgery by increasing surgical precision, optimizing clinical workflows, and personalizing patient care. While challenges remain regarding data diversity and ethical considerations, ongoing innovations indicate that AI will continue to refine spine surgery through personalized and efficient care solutions.

Indexed as

Artificial intelligenceMachine learningNavigationReal-time decision supportSpine surgerySurgical planning

Identifiers

PMID40855400
PMCPMC12446165

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.