ArticleNature medicine2025
Pig-to-human lung xenotransplantation into a brain-dead recipient.
Article in Nature medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Genome-Wide Association and Meta-Analysis Identify Candidate Genes for Sperm Freezability in Duroc and Yorkshire Boars.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Inhalable PD-L1-engineered hybrid cellular vesicles suppress excessive neutrophil activation and restore mitochondrial homeostasis to alleviate ischemia-reperfusion lung injury and pneumonia.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Public awareness and acceptance of xenotransplantation in China: a cross-sectional survey.BMC medical ethics · 2026Article
- Lung transplantation in 2025: a narrative review of progress, challenges, and the road ahead.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Pathogen-specific immune responses might underlie divergent outcomes of coronavirus and influenza infection in the natural porcine host.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Macrophage-mimetic photothermal nanotherapeutics regulate mitochondrial homeostasis and inflammatory cascades in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Graft-derived VWF drives platelet activation and thrombocytopenia during porcine liver xenotransplantation to brain-dead human recipients.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Swine Leukocyte Antigen-12 Behaves Like a Swine Leukocyte Antigen Classical Class I Protein and is a Potential Xenoantigen in Humans.Transplantation direct · 2026Article
- Transgenic expression of human CD47 on pig cells provides only partial protection against human macrophage-mediated destruction in human immune system mice.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2026Article
- Porcine xenotransplantation in the clinical era: converging advances and unresolved barriers on the path to clinical translation - a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Orthotopic Porcine Liver and Kidney Xenotransplantation as a Step Toward Multi-Organ Replacement.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Modern xenotransplantation: rewiring glycan-mediated immunogenicity via genome-glycome convergence.EBioMedicine · 2026Review
- Seven technologies to watch in 2026.Nature · 2026Article
- The pig that could save us: swine models in respiratory infections.Trends in microbiology · 2026Article
- The Top 12 Most Impactful Papers in Clinical Transplantation in 2025: TI Editors' Choice.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2026Article
- T cell-mediated immune responses in xenotransplantation: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Regulatory approach to manipulated organs in Europe: preserving human organs as non-commercial goods.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2026Review
- Cellular gatekeepers of infected wounds: the dual role of adipocytes in coordinating immunity and regeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The First Clinical Renal Xenotransplantation Study (EXPAND): Evaluating Safety, Function, and Zoonotic Risks.Health care science · 2025Article
- Pig-to-human lung xenotransplantation: advancing xenogeneic respiratory transplantation and clinical translation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
27 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Genetically engineered pig lungs have not previously been transplanted into humans, leaving key questions unanswered regarding the human immune response in the context of a xenotransplanted lung and the possibility of hyperacute rejection. Here, we report a case of pig-to-human lung xenotransplantation, in which a lung from a six-gene-edited pig was transplanted into a 39-year-old brain-dead male human recipient following a brain hemorrhage. The lung xenograft maintained viability and functionality over the course of the 216 hours of the monitoring period, without signs of hyperacute rejection or infection. Severe edema resembling primary graft dysfunction was observed at 24 hours after transplantation, potentially due to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Antibody-mediated rejection appeared to contribute to xenograft damage on postoperative days 3 and 6, with partial recovery by day 9. Immunosuppression included rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin, basiliximab, rituximab, eculizumab, tofacitinib, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and tapering steroids, with adjustments made during the postoperative period based on assessments of immune status. Although this study demonstrates the feasibility of pig-to-human lung xenotransplantation, substantial challenges relating to organ rejection and infection remain, and further preclinical studies are necessary before clinical translation of this procedure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40855190What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.