Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40855137›Full record

ArticleSkeletal radiology2026

Hormone replacement therapy and muscle loss: repeated measures analysis from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging using DXA.

Elena Ghotbi, John McGready, Roham Hadidchi, Hamza Ahmed Ibad, Eleanor M Simonsick, Qian-Li Xue, Jennifer S R Mammen, Shadpour Demehri

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Article in Skeletal radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Elena GhotbiThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
John McGreadyDepartment of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Roham HadidchiThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Hamza Ahmed IbadThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Eleanor M SimonsickNational Institute of Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Qian-Li XueDivision of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Center On Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jennifer S R MammenDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Shadpour DemehriThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. demehri2001@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5991-5924

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo investigate the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and change in body composition in post-menopausal women in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). MATERIALS AND

methodsWe included postmenopausal women with repeated dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements and documented HRT status. HRT users were propensity score-matched to non-users based on baseline characteristics including age, height, weight, race, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, education, age at menopause, age at first pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, and oophorectomy. Linear mixed-effects models assessed associations between current HRT use and longitudinal changes in fat and lean mass. Age was modeled as a time-varying continuous variable using piecewise linear splines at 60, 70, and 80 years. Interaction terms between HRT use and age were included to evaluate differences in age-related trajectories.

resultsHRT users (n = 91) and matched non-users (n = 220) had similar baseline characteristics. No significant interactions were found between HRT use and age for lean mass (all p > 0.05), and the likelihood ratio test (LRT) showed no improvement in model fit with interaction terms (p = 0.20). In contrast, fat mass trajectories differed by HRT status. Before age 60, HRT users experienced significantly greater fat mass gain (β = 596 g/year; 95% CI 75, 1117). After age 60, this reversed, with HRT users gaining 869 g/year less fat than non-users (β = -869 g/year; 95% CI - 1583, - 155), indicating a protective association of HRT after age 60. No significant differences were observed at ages 70 or 80. The LRT supported including interaction terms (p = 0.04).

conclusionHRT use is associated with less fat accumulation beyond the age of 60, although this association attenuates with advancing age. No differential association with lean mass was observed.

Indexed as

Absorptiometry, PhotonAgingHormone Replacement TherapyAgedAged, 80 and overBaltimoreBody CompositionFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMiddle AgedPostmenopauseBody compositionDXA scanHormone replacement therapyMenopause

Identifiers

PMID40855137

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.