Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40854937›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Circulating galectin-9 as a novel prognosticator in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma undergoing surgical resection.

Makoto Kurimoto, Tomoaki Yoh, Yutaro Hori, Hiroto Nishino, Kohei Yoshimura, Shuhei Kanda, Keisuke Okura, Yuichi Takamatsu, Motohiko Satoh, Takahiro Nishio and 3 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Makoto KurimotoDepartment of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Kyoto, Sakyo-Ku, 606-8507, Japan.
Tomoaki YohDepartment of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Kyoto, Sakyo-Ku, 606-8507, Japan. tomyoh@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
Yutaro HoriDepartment of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Kyoto, Sakyo-Ku, 606-8507, Japan.
Hiroto NishinoDepartment of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Kyoto, Sakyo-Ku, 606-8507, Japan.
Kohei YoshimuraDepartment of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Kyoto, Sakyo-Ku, 606-8507, Japan.
Shuhei KandaDepartment of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Kyoto, Sakyo-Ku, 606-8507, Japan.
Keisuke OkuraDepartment of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Kyoto, Sakyo-Ku, 606-8507, Japan.
Yuichi TakamatsuDepartment of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Kyoto, Sakyo-Ku, 606-8507, Japan.
Motohiko SatohDepartment of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Kyoto, Sakyo-Ku, 606-8507, Japan.
Takahiro NishioDepartment of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Kyoto, Sakyo-Ku, 606-8507, Japan.
Keiko IwaisakoDepartment of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan.
Takamichi IshiiDepartment of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Kyoto, Sakyo-Ku, 606-8507, Japan.
Etsuro HatanoDepartment of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Kyoto, Sakyo-Ku, 606-8507, Japan.

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 21K1643
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare but highly malignant liver cancer. Surgical resection provides the best long-term survival, yet poor prognosis requires improved treatments. Galectin-9 (GAL9) has gained attention for its role in tumor biology. This study investigated circulating galectin-9 (cGAL9) levels in ICC patients undergoing resection, along with tumor tissue characteristics.

methodsGAL9 expression levels in circulating and tumor cells were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 91 ICC surgical patients. The mRNA expression levels of candidate genes were analyzed in 44 available frozen tissue samples.

resultsThe optimal cGAL9 cutoff was 12.0 ng/ml using minimum P value approach. Higher cGAL9 levels linked to multiple tumors (P = 0.046), poorer overall survival (OS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Tumor cell GAL9 expression by IHC did not correlate with OS or RFS. cGAL9 levels did not correlate with tumor cell expression in IHC analyses or GAL9 mRNA in resected specimens. However, cGAL9 levels correlated with mRNA levels of glycolysis markers (glucose transporter 1 and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha).

conclusionsPreoperative cGAL9 serves as a novel prognosticator for ICC patients after surgical resection. Its association with glycolysis highlights the potential for therapeutic guidance.

Indexed as

Bile Duct NeoplasmsBiomarkers, TumorCholangiocarcinomaGalectinsAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisBiomarkers, TumorGalectinsLGALS9 protein, humanGalectin 9Glut1Hif 1 alphaIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinomaLiver cancer

Identifiers

PMID40854937
PMCPMC12378371

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.