ReviewJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2025
Where does ISAC (immune-stimulating antibody conjugates) go from here?
Review in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- cGAS-STING pathway activation drives the cold-to-hot tumor transition and sensitizes immunotherapy.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Advances and Future Directions in Antibody-Drug Conjugates: From Paradigm Shifts to Data-Driven Design.Cancers · 2026Review
- Drug resistance to antibody-drug conjugates: mechanisms, challenges, and perspectives.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Innovative use of therapeutic antibodies in lung cancer: the current landscape of ADCs and other antibody-based therapies.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune-stimulating antibody conjugates (ISACs) have emerged as a promising class of therapeutics, employing design principles similar to antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) but replacing cytotoxic payloads with immune-stimulatory agents. These agents enhance immune system activation, enabling more effective tumor targeting and elimination. However, recent clinical setbacks since 2021 have raised concerns about ISACs' viability as ADC successors. Although ISAC development remains early-stage, clinical trials have revealed significant challenges, including limited efficacy, systemic toxicity (eg, cytokine release syndrome), and anti-drug antibody generation. Current strategies to overcome these hurdles focus on optimizing payload selection (eg, toll-like receptor 7(TLR7) vs stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists), improving linker stability, and exploring localized delivery methods. While ISACs face substantial translational barriers, their potential to synergize with existing immunotherapies and treat "cold" tumors maintains therapeutic promise. Further refinement of design parameters may ultimately position ISACs as a transformative oncology modality.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.