ArticleJAMA network open2025
Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Malignant Brain Tumors in Civilian Populations.
Article in JAMA network open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prenatal Exposure to Acid-Suppressive Medications and Incident Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Nested ecosystems theory for conceptualizing brain tumors.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Review
- Risk of brain tumors following traumatic brain injury: A retrospective cohort study.Neurosurgical review · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: A 2024 US study reported that veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars affected by traumatic brain injury (TBI) had an increased risk of developing brain tumors. However, studies among civilians have shown conflicting results and have not replicated the association between TBI and brain tumor risk. Objective: To examine whether history of TBI in US adult civilians is associated with a risk of subsequent development of malignant brain tumors. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study used data from a tertiary academic medical center (Mass General Brigham [MGB]) patient data registry encompassing January 1, 2000, to January 1, 2024. Adult patients (aged >18 years) with mild TBI or moderate to severe TBI (exposure group) were compared with an age- and sex-matched group without a history of TBI (control group). The MGB data were compared across the same time span with data from 2 other tertiary academic medical centers (University of California [UC] Health Data Warehouse and Northwestern Medicine). Exposure: TBI, which was categorized by severity as mild or moderate to severe. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was development of malignant brain tumor based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic codes in the patient data registry of each cohort. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to determine whether TBI was associated with brain tumor development. The MGB results were then meta-analyzed with the UC Health and Northwestern Medicine data. Results: The MGB cohort included 151 358 adults: 75 679 control participants (51.8% female; median age, 56 years [IQR, 39-71 years]) and 75 679 civilians with TBI. Of the civilians with TBI (median age, 56 years [IQR, 39-74 years]), 60 735 had mild TBI (54.7% female; median age, 54 years [IQR, 37-73 years]) and 14 944 had moderate to severe TBI (42.1% female; median age, 64 years [IQR, 47-79 years]). The median follow-up duration for the MGB cohort was 7.2 years (IQR, 4.1-10.1 years). Malignant brain tumor prevalence was 0.6% in the moderate to severe TBI group vs 0.4% in the control and mild TBI groups. The moderate to severe TBI group had a higher risk of developing malignant brain tumors (hazard ratio [HR], 1.67 [95% CI, 1.31-2.12]) compared with the mild TBI group (HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.83-1.18]). The risk persisted when meta-analyzed with data from the other 2 centers (HR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.26-1.95]). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study of US adult civilians, a history of moderate to severe TBI was associated with risk of developing malignant brain tumors. This association was confirmed in a meta-analysis with geographically diverse sites across the US. Additional research is needed to clarify the mechanism through which TBI increases the risk of developing brain tumors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.