SynthesisInfection2025
Infection of the acromioclavicular joint with Mycobacterium bovis following intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin: a case-based review.
Synthesis in Infection, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Tuberculous abscess of the left gluteal region and iliac fossa following transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeOsteoarticular infections caused by intravesical BCG are rare and poorly characterized. This study presents a case of acromioclavicular joint infection caused by Mycobacterium bovis BCG, alongside a systematic review aimed at improving our understanding of the infection's clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes.
methodsThis systematic review included all published cases of osteoarticular infections due to M. bovis BCG following intravesical BCG instillation, as identified through a PubMed search conducted up to 1 May 2025. The search used combinations of keywords related to 'BCG', 'bladder', and 'osteoarticular infection'. One additional case from our institution was added. Clinical, biological, radiological, treatment and outcome data were extracted and analyzed.
resultsWe reviewed 67 cases, classified as vertebral (n = 45), prosthetic joint (n = 18), and native joint (n = 4). The affected patients were predominantly men (98.5%), with a mean age of 74.1 ± 9.2 years. The median delay in months between the first instillation and the diagnosis was 23 [IQR 13.0-48.0]. Fever was uncommon (20.5%), while elevated C-reactive protein levels were frequent (80%). Imaging (CT/MRI) played a key role in diagnosis by showing images consistent with infection in all cases in which it was used. Treatment typically involved rifampicin and isoniazid for 12 months, alongside ethambutol for two months. Outcomes were favorable in 90.6% of cases, with one death attributed to the infection.
conclusionThough rare, M. bovis BCG osteoarticular infections should be considered in patients with unexplained joint symptoms following BCG therapy. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy are essential for optimal management.
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