ArticleDiscover oncology2025
High mobility group A2 (HMGA2) protein tissue levels and its association with clinicopathological features in bladder cancer patients.
Article in Discover oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract, and is characterized by a high risk of recurrence and mortality. Therefore, the research is still ongoing to determine new molecular markers that would be a part of bladder cancer diagnosing approach. Based on the above, this study determined the level of HMGA2 protein in bladder cancer tissues for the purpose of investigating the possibility of proposing it as a promising diagnostic marker, as HMGA2 is an architectural transcription factor that regulates cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis.
methodsForty primary transitional cell bladder samples and 20 adjacent normal tissue samples were collected from patients at Al-Assad University Hospital in Damascus between March 2023 and January 2024. Immunohistochemical staining was used to assess HMGA2 protein levels. The relationship between HMGA2 tissue levels and clinical variables was analyzed using the Chi-Square Independence Test.
resultsThis study showed that HMGA2 protein was overexpressed in 70% of bladder cancer tissues, with no expression in normal tissues. Also, a High HMGA2 levels were noticed to be significantly associated with advanced tumor stage, higher tumor grade, and muscle invasion (p < 0.05). No significant association was found between HMGA2 levels and gender or smoking habits.
conclusionHMGA2 protein is overexpressed in bladder cancer tissues and correlates with tumor progression and aggressiveness. HMGA2 can be considered a promising marker for bladder cancer. Further studies with larger patient cohorts are needed to confirm these findings and establish HMGA2 as a reliable diagnostic tool.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.