ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Identification of cellular factors associated with inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- T Helper Cells and Cytokine Networks in the Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- New serum soluble factors predicting inflammatory and non-inflammatory disability worsening in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Serum biomarkers as neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) enabled early identification of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients at risk of relapse-associated worsening (RAW) or progression independent of relapses (PIRA). However, the immunological mechanisms underlying these clinical phenotypes remain unclear. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 117 MS patients and 84 healthy controls (HC). Patients were stratified as NLGL (low sNfL and sGFAP), NH (high sNfL at different levels of sGFAP), and NLGH (low sNfL and high sGFAP). Percentages of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mononuclear cells, and intracellular production of cytokines by T and B cells after " Results: We identified a common inflammatory profile present in the blood of all MS groups comprising significant increases of effector CD4 Conclusion: All MS patients share increased inflammatory B and T cells, but differ in regulatory or NK subsets, which identify highly inflammatory or benign disease courses.
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