ArticleNursing (Auckland, N.Z.)2025
Executive Functioning Training for Reducing Cognitive Intra-Individual Variability in People Living with HIV: A Pilot Randomized, Controlled Trial Protocol.
Article in Nursing (Auckland, N.Z.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploring the potential of cognitive intra-individual variability in HIV care and research in adults with HIV: a concept analysis.Applied neuropsychology. Adult · 2026Review
- A Brief Report of an Executive Functioning Training Pilot RCT in Adults with HIV: A Descriptive Case Comparison Study.Nursing (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Cognitive training programs have been attempted to improve cognition in cognitively vulnerable people living with HIV (PLWH). Some have attempted to improve episodic memory or speed of processing, while others have used an individualized cognitive domain approach targeting each person's cognitive deficits. Although effective, none of these approaches considered the influence of cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV). Cognitive IIV refers to the fluctuations in one's individual cognitive ability across cognitive domains (dispersion) or within the same test (inconsistency). Greater cognitive IIV predicts cognitive decline as well as decreased cognitive integrity and increased neuropathology. Some neuroscientists posited that poor executive functioning, known as the Executive Dyscontrol Hypothesis, increases cognitive IIV. Thus, if we can improve executive functioning, we may be able to decrease cognitive IIV and improve overall cognitive functioning. This article provides the rationale and protocol for a feasibility clinical trial examining an executive functioning training intervention in middle-aged and older PLWH. Study Design: This study utilizes a two-arm baseline/posttest experimental design to examine the primary aim 1 (feasibility and acceptability) and the exploratory aim 1 (cognition) in 120 community-dwelling PLWH aged 40 and older. Participants will be randomized into one of the two arms: 1) 20 hours of computerized executive functioning training group, or 2) a no-contact control group. The proposed training time is 10 to 12 weeks (1 to 2 one-hour training sessions/week, while working around participants' schedules). At baseline and posttest, participants will receive a 1.5 to 2-hour assessment that includes many measures including the Connor's Continuous Performance Test (Version 3), and a 50-minute self-administered computerized cognitive performance battery (BRACE+ = BrainBaseline Assessment of Cognition and Everyday Functioning). Conclusion: This study tests an innovative intervention designed to reduce cognitive IIV; to our knowledge, no other study has targeted cognitive IIV as an intervention outcome.
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Registered trials
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