ArticleAnnals of medicine and surgery (2012)2025
Burden of liver cancer in the European region from 1990 to 2021: a sub-analysis of the global burden of disease study.
Article in Annals of medicine and surgery (2012), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Changing epidemiology and etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Europe: implications for clinical practice and health policy.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Review
- Incidence and mortality trend of liver cancer in Iran from 1990 to 2021: an epidemiological investigation using the Global Burden of Disease study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In Europe, viral hepatitis, alcohol consumption, and metabolic diseases contribute to this burden. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we report here the liver cancer epidemiology in Europe between 1990 and 2021, describing recent trends, geographical disparities, and the major risk factors influencing disease outcomes. Methods: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 provided standardized data on liver cancer incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across Europe from 1990 to 2021, utilizing advanced statistical modeling tools like DisMod-MR 2.1 to ensure accuracy and comparability. Age-standardized rates (age-standardized incidence rate, ASIR; age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR); and age-standardized DALYs rate, ASDR) were analyzed alongside the socio-demographic Index (SDI) to evaluate trends, regional disparities, and associations using joinpoint regression and LOESS modeling. Data visualization involved Python tools, including choropleth maps and regression plots. Results: Liver cancer burden in Europe has increased significantly, with the ASIR rising from 3.04 [2.93-3.14] in 1990 to 4.20 [3.93-4.40] in 2021, the ASMR increasing from 3.08 [2.96-3.18] to 3.86 [3.59-4.05], and the ASDR rising from 78.48 [76.09-80.74] to 91.43 [86.48-95.79]. Males consistently showed higher rates than females, and older populations bore the highest burden, with deaths and DALYs peaking in the 95+ age group in 2021. Nationally, Andorra reported the highest ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR in 2021, while Ukraine had the lowest rates. Hepatitis C and alcohol-related liver cancer were the leading contributors, with NASH showing the fastest growth. Regions with higher SDI demonstrated greater burden, highlighting healthcare access and detection disparities. Conclusion: Liver cancer burden in Europe is driven by rising obesity, aging populations, lifestyle changes, and healthcare disparities, with incidence and mortality growing faster in the Europe, especially the Western region. Comprehensive strategies focusing on prevention, early detection, and equitable access to care are essential.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.