ReviewCureus2025
Personalized Approaches to Hypothyroidism: The Role of Triiodothyronine (T3) in Thyroid Hormone Replacement.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Post-Levothyroxine Thyroid Dysfunction in Saudi Arabian Patients with Hypothyroidism: A Cross-Sectional Study.Clinics and practice · 2026Article
- Emerging Roles, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential of Thyroid Hormones in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Levothyroxine (T4) monotherapy remains the standard of care for hypothyroidism worldwide. However, a subset of patients continues to report persistent symptoms, such as fatigue, depression, and cognitive difficulties, despite normalized thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. This has reignited clinical interest in the active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) and combination T4/T3 therapies. This review explores the physiological distinctions between T4 and T3, emphasizing the importance of peripheral T4-to-T3 conversion and the role of deiodinase polymorphisms (e.g., DIO2 Thr92Ala) that may impair this process in certain individuals. The evidence for T3-containing therapies is critically evaluated, including synthetic liothyronine and desiccated thyroid extract, comparing their pharmacokinetics, clinical outcomes, and safety profiles with T4 monotherapy. Emerging data suggest that some patients may benefit from combination therapy, particularly in symptom resolution and quality-of-life measures, although robust long-term outcomes remain under debate. Current clinical guidelines from major thyroid societies continue to endorse T4 monotherapy, citing inconsistent trial results and potential cardiovascular risks associated with T3. Nonetheless, a growing movement toward personalized medicine, including genetic profiling, patient-reported outcomes, and individualized dosing, may pave the way for more nuanced treatment strategies. This review underscores the need for a balanced, patient-centered approach to thyroid hormone replacement, integrating evolving science with clinical experience to optimize care for individuals with hypothyroidism.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.