Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40851513›Full record

ArticleGeriatrics & gerontology international2025

Impact of non-cardiovascular factors on cardiovascular death in acute decompensated heart failure: Enhancing predictive models with frailty and comorbid constipation-the Constipation and Frailty Augmented AHEAD score.

Tomoaki Ishida, Kei Kawada, Kohei Jobu, Tomoyuki Hamada, Toru Kubo, Hitoshi Fukuda, Yuki Hyohdoh, Kazuya Kawai, Yoko Nakaoka, Toshikazu Yabe and 4 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Geriatrics & gerontology international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Tomoaki IshidaDepartment of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Kochi, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1352-0123
Kei KawadaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1397-6128
Kohei JobuDepartment of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Kochi, Japan.
Tomoyuki HamadaDepartment of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
Toru KuboDepartment of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
Hitoshi FukudaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
Yuki HyohdohCenter of Medical Information Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
Kazuya KawaiDepartment of Cardiology, Chikamori Hospital, Kochi, Japan.
Yoko NakaokaDepartment of Cardiology, Chikamori Hospital, Kochi, Japan.
Toshikazu YabeDepartment of Cardiology, Kochi Prefectural Hatakenmin Hospital, Kochi, Japan.
Takashi FurunoDepartment of Cardiology, Kochi Prefectural Aki General Hospital, Kochi, Japan.
Eisuke YamadaDepartment of Cardiology, Susaki Kuroshio Hospital, Kochi, Japan.
Hiroaki KitaokaDepartment of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
Yukihiro HamadaDepartment of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Kochi, Japan.

Funding

Bayer YakuhinDaiichi Sankyo CompanyKochi Prefecture Sponsorship ProjectMitsubishi Tanabe Pharma CorporationOtsuka PharmaceuticalTakeda Pharmaceutical Company
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimThe present study investigated the influence of non-cardiovascular factors on cardiovascular deaths in patients with heart failure. Furthermore, we examined whether these factors add value to conventional risk factor-based models for predicting the occurrence of cardiovascular death.

methodsThis multicenter prospective cohort study included patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Cardiovascular deaths were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model, and contribution of non-cardiovascular factors was evaluated. Decision tree analyses were carried out, and risk stratification was carried out using cardiovascular death as an indicator. Improvement in predictive ability of the Atrial fibrillation, Hemoglobin, Elderly, Abnormal renal parameters, Diabetes (AHEAD) score was assessed after adding non-cardiovascular factors.

resultsOf the 1061 patients hospitalized for heart failure, 715 were included in the analysis. In the Cox hazards model, the Japanese version of the cardiovascular health study score and comorbid constipation were detected as non-cardiovascular factors. The new model-Constipation and Frailty Augmented AHEAD Model (CFA-AHEAD score)-created by adding these factors to the AHEAD score, showed significantly improved predictive ability compared with the previous model.

conclusionsNon-cardiovascular factors, such as physical frailty and comorbid constipation, affect life expectancy in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. The addition of these factors to conventional predictors might improve the predictive power of cardiovascular death. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 1341-1349.

Indexed as

ConstipationFrailtyHeart FailureAcute DiseaseAgedAged, 80 and overComorbidityFemaleHumansJapanMalePrognosisProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsAHEAD scoreconstipationfrailtyheart failure

Identifiers

PMID40851513
PMCPMC12501657

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