Tri-allelic pattern in CSF1PO: a case study.

Noemi Argirò, Venusia Cortellini, Andrea Verzeletti

Abstract readCase Reports

In one paragraph

Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Noemi ArgiròForensic Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, Brescia, 25123, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-4220-7266

Venusia CortelliniForensic Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, Brescia, 25123, Italy. venusia.cortellini@unibs.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0096-9009

Andrea VerzelettiForensic Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, Brescia, 25123, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6085-3249

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Paternity testing is a well-established application of forensic genetics, generally providing accurate results based on inheritance laws. However, in rare cases, genetic anomalies may arise, complicating the interpretation of DNA profiles and requiring careful evaluation. In this study, we describe a paternity case involving a rare tri-allelic pattern observed at the CSF1PO locus. To confirm the anomaly, genetic material from multiple family members was analysed using different kits. The pattern was consistently verified across all amplification attempts, demonstrating its reliability and its concordance with a specific individual. This case emphasises the importance of careful interpretation in genetic testing and considers the potential implications of such anomalies for DNA analysis. Furthermore, it calls for collaboration among forensic disciplines and experts to address similar findings in forensic and medical genetics.

Indexed as

AllelesMicrosatellite RepeatsPaternityDNA FingerprintingFemaleHumansMalePolymerase Chain ReactionCSF1POForensic genetics.Paternity testingShort tandem repeatsTri-allelic pattern

Identifiers

PMID40850944

DOI10.1007/s00414-025-03584-1

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.