ArticleBMJ open2025
Burning mouth syndrome and micronutrient deficiency: a systematic review protocol.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionBurning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a complex orofacial pain disorder characterised by chronic intraoral burning or dysesthesia, typically occurring daily for more than 2 hours per day and persisting for over 3 months. The absence of identifiable causative lesions defines BMS, and symptoms may appear with or without accompanying somatosensory changes, such as altered taste or tactile sensations. This article outlines the development of a systematic review protocol to investigate the prevalence of micronutrient deficiency in patients with BMS and enhance our understanding of possible diagnoses and management of patients with this disorder. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This systematic review will include observational studies that assessed micronutrient levels (such as iron, folate, cobalamin, zinc and homocysteine) to identify which micronutrients are lower than the normal range in patients with BMS. A literature search will be conducted on 25 August 2025, using the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science and the grey literature. Key terms such as "Burning Mouth Syndrome", "stomatodynia", "glossopyrosis", "micronutrients" and "vitamins" will be used in our search strategies. Experts in the topic and reference lists of included studies will also be consulted. Two independent reviewers will select the study using a two-phase process. Data collection will be performed by one author and cross-checked by another. The risk of bias assessment will be conducted following the JBI tool. Meta-analyses may be performed to analyse the proportion of patients with micronutrient deficiency for each micronutrient investigated. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This systematic review does not require ethical approval. On completion, it will be published in a peer-reviewed academic journal and presented at a conference. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42024626960.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.