Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40850680›Full record

ReviewJournal of advanced research2026

Flexible wearable medical devices: from material innovations and data processing to intelligent healthcare applications.

Junxi Zhou, Qingbo Zhang, Ming Zhang, Subinuer Aikebaier, Xiao Zhu, Xiaorong Zhou

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of advanced research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Tumor Exposomics: A New Paradigm for Individualized Continuous Exposure Monitoring.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Junxi ZhouDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
Qingbo ZhangDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Ming ZhangDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China.
Subinuer AikebaierThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
Xiao ZhuThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China. Electronic address: xzhu@gdmu.edu.cn.
Xiaorong ZhouDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China. Electronic address: zhouxiaorong@ntu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFlexible wearable medical devices drive healthcare transformation via non-invasive, real-time physiological monitoring and personalized management. Traditional rigid devices lack long-term comfort, while chronic disease care and telemedicine demand reliable, patient-centered solutions. Advances in materials (carbon nanomaterials, liquid metals, hydrogels) enable stretchable, biocompatible substrates adapting to bodily movements. Innovative sensing (PPG, EEG, sweat-based detection) tracks blood pressure, glucose, and neural signals accurately. Key challenges include insufficient sensor flexibility, lagging supervision, data security issues, and large-scale production difficulties, requiring interdisciplinary collaboration. AIM OF REVIEW: This review integrates cutting-edge advances in flexible wearable medical devices, covering material innovations, sensing breakthroughs, power management, and AI-driven data analysis. It evaluates strategies to enhance biocompatibility of carbon composites, liquid metals, and hydrogels, analyzing improvements in device sensitivity, biocompatibility, and real-world applicability. It critically discusses machine learning's role and limitations in chronic disease management, telemedicine, and sports optimization. Key unresolved challenges include lagging regulations, privacy risks in multi-source data fusion, mismatched sensing development, and large-scale production difficulties. The aim is to provide a scalable, secure, and clinically translatable roadmap for future research. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW: Core technologies involve carbon nanomaterials (e.g., graphene), liquid metals (structurally optimized for balanced conductivity and flexibility), and hydrogels (preferred as flexible substrates for mimicking natural soft tissues' mechanics and biocompatibility). Sensing technologies (PPG, EEG, sweat-based detection) enable non-invasive, real-time monitoring of vital parameters like blood pressure, glucose, and neural signals. AI decodes complex physiological data for predictive diagnosis, while IoT/5G integration advances telemedicine. Current limitations include poor sensor flexibility, lagging regulations, and large-scale production hurdles, contrasting with trends like advanced sensing, new materials, and hybrid diagnostic-therapeutic systems-highlighting flexible wearables' potential in intelligent healthcare.

Indexed as

Wearable Electronic DevicesBiocompatible MaterialsHumansMachine LearningMonitoring, PhysiologicTelemedicineBiocompatible MaterialsChronic disease managementFlexible wearable medical devicesIntelligent healthcarePhysiological monitoringTelemedicine

Identifiers

PMID40850680
PMCPMC13131524

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.