Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40849906›Full record

ArticleCell reports2025

Exogenous estrogen enhances T cell activation in male primates.

Patricia A Hahn, Joan Escrivà-Font, Eric S Alexander, Kimberly Weisgrau, Tianling Ou, Wenhui He, Daniel O'Hagan, Laura C F Da Silva, Noah J Gurley, Li Lin and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Impact of sex chromosomes and gonad type in stress susceptibility in corticostriatal brain regions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Patricia A HahnDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA; The Skaggs Graduate School, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.
Joan Escrivà-FontSystems Immunology Lab, Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Eric S AlexanderWisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Kimberly WeisgrauWisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Tianling OuDivision of Infectious Disease, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; The Center for Integrated Solutions to Infectious Diseases, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Wenhui HeDivision of Infectious Disease, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; The Center for Integrated Solutions to Infectious Diseases, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Daniel O'HaganDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA.
Laura C F Da SilvaDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA.
Noah J GurleyDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA.
Li LinDrug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Core, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA.
Michael D CameronDrug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Core, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA.
Eva RakaszWisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Michael FarzanDivision of Infectious Disease, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; The Center for Integrated Solutions to Infectious Diseases, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Joe R KurianWisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Saverio CapuanoWisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Camila R ConsiglioSystems Immunology Lab, Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Mauricio A MartinsDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA. Electronic address: mauricio.martins@ufl.edu.

Funding

WNPRC Supplemental Request for Nonhuman Primate Enclosures to Equip HIV/AIDS-Related Research FacilitiesP51OD011106 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Dorota A. Grejner-Brzezinska · 2012 to 2026
$150.7M
Project 4: A permanent off-switch for AAVU19AI149646 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI FARZAN, MICHAEL R. · 2020 to 2024
$14.0M
AAV-mediated delivery of eCD4-Ig for prevention and treatment of perinatal HIV infectionR01HD102252 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI MARTINS, MAURICIO DE AGUIAR · 2020 to 2024
$4.1M
eCD4-Ig for preventing and treating obstetric HIV infectionR01HD103494 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI MARTINS, MAURICIO DE AGUIAR · 2020 to 2024
$4.0M
A nonhuman primate model to study the immunological effects of feminizing hormone therapy in transgender womenR21AI157929 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI MARTINS, MAURICIO DE AGUIAR · 2021 to 2022
$477k
NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI157929NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI149646NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD102252NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD103494NIH HHS P51 OD011106
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Estrogen influences T cell development and enhances infection resistance in females, but its immunological effects during gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) remain poorly understood. Here, we characterize immune adaptations in male rhesus macaques (RMs) treated with 17β-estradiol (E2) or placebo over 7 months. E2 therapy suppressed endogenous testosterone production, induced female physical traits, and altered blood cell counts and chemistry profiles. Additionally, E2 treatment attenuated innate immune responses while increasing T cell activation. Following mRNA vaccination, E2-treated RMs exhibited significantly higher frequencies of CCR5

Indexed as

CD4-Positive T-LymphocytesEstradiolEstrogensLymphocyte ActivationT-LymphocytesAnimalsFemaleHIV-1Immunity, InnateMacaca mulattaMaleReceptors, CCR5TestosteroneEstradiolEstrogensReceptors, CCR5TestosteroneCP: ImmunologyCP: Metabolismestradiolgender-affirming hormone therapyhuman immunodeficiency virusmRNA vaccinenonhuman primatestransgender women

Identifiers

PMID40849906
PMCPMC12512201

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.