ReviewTranslational psychiatry2025
Modulation of neuroimmune cytokine networks by antidepressants: implications in mood regulation.
Review in Translational psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Neuroimmunome of Hepatitis Patients Associates With Disease Severity.Journal of medical virology · 2025Pooled it
- Altered Cytokine Levels in the First Episode of Major Depression and in Antidepressant-Naïve Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Compound Ciwujia Granules Attenuate Stress-Induced Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behaviors via Inhibition of TNF-α-Associated Neuroinflammation in the dmPFC.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Exercise-induced neuropeptidergic and neurochemical neuroadaptation in stress regulation and emotional disorders.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Review
- Metabolic shifts driven by host-microbial interactions.The FEBS journal · 2026Review
- Natural Products as GPCR-Targeting Antidepressant Candidates: Advances and Opportunities.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Higher Lipopolysaccharide Levels Are Linked to Less Anhedonia and Lower Severity of Major Depressive Disorder.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- [Inflammatory depression: a review of advances in pathophysiology, clinical implications, and treatment].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2026Review
- Both donor and recipient sex determine behavioral and neuroimmune outcomes in a gut microbiota transfer experiment from the unpredictable chronic mild stress model of depression.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- The association between spatiotemporal coupling of default mode network and behaviors is specifically modulated by peripheral inflammation in major depressive disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Methylphenidate modulates the ınflammatory response and PI3K signaling in macrophages.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Discovery of a Neuroprotective Diosgenin Derivative as a Novel Antidepressant Candidate Targeting LPS-TLR4 Signaling.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Defining functional states and roles of microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Toward system-level integration of organoids for regenerative medicine.Burns & trauma · 2026Review
- Association Between Clinical Symptoms and Inflammatory Markers in First-Episode Unmedicated Patients with Major Depressive Disorder.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
- From synapse to system: mechanistic pathways of neural signaling dysfunction in psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites as Mediators of Exercise-Induced Mood Enhancement, Fatigue Resistance, and Neuroprotection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Alterations in serum IL-10 and IL-19 levels in drug-naïve first-episode adolescent-onset schizophrenia and their associations with clinical symptoms.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- NSAIDs beyond COX:ACS omega · 2025Article
- 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depression-like Behaviors by Suppressing Hypothalamic Oxidative Stress and Regulating Neuroinflammation in Mice.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is increasingly recognized as a neuroinflammatory condition characterized by dysregulated cytokine networks. This comprehensive review examines the immunomodulatory effects of antidepressant medications, revealing their significant impact on Th1/Th2 cytokine balance beyond their classical neurotransmitter actions. Clinical data show that diverse antidepressant classes consistently demonstrate immunomodulatory properties that extend beyond their classical neurotransmitter effects. These medications reduce pro-inflammatory markers (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6) while enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β), effects particularly relevant for treatment-resistant cases with elevated baseline inflammation. The therapeutic potential of these immunoregulatory effects is supported by emerging interventions, including low-dose IL-2 immunotherapy, vagus nerve stimulation, and microbiota-targeted therapies, which show promise for specific depression subtypes. Importantly, these approaches appear most effective when guided by inflammatory biomarkers, suggesting a path toward personalized treatment strategies. By integrating findings from clinical studies and translational research, this work establishes immune modulation as a fundamental component of antidepressant action. The review provides a framework for developing next-generation treatments that target neuroimmune pathways in MDD, with particular emphasis on practical applications for treatment-resistant cases. These insights bridge the gap between neuropharmacology and clinical psychiatry, offering new therapeutic possibilities for patients with inflammation-associated depression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.