Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40849313›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

SpaIM: single-cell spatial transcriptomics imputation via style transfer.

Bo Li, Ziyang Tang, Aishwarya Budhkar, Xiang Liu, Tonglin Zhang, Baijian Yang, Jing Su, Qianqian Song

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  10. S3RL: Enhancing Spatial Single-Cell Transcriptomics With Separable Representation Learning.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Bo Li *Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0608-1502
Ziyang Tang *Department of Computer and Information Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-7988
Aishwarya BudhkarDepartment of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-9317-4519
Xiang LiuDepartment of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Tonglin ZhangDepartment of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Baijian YangDepartment of Computer and Information Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. byang@purdue.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4440-3701
Jing SuDepartment of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA. su1@iu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4917-6173
Qianqian SongDepartment of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. qsong1@ufl.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4455-5302

Funding

Multi-modal insights of spatially distributed cells with associations of diseases and drug responseR35GM151089 · NIGMS · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Qianqian Song · 2023 to 2026
$1.2M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM151089U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) R35GM151089
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies have transformed our understanding of cellular organization but are limited by sparse signals and restricted gene coverage. To address these challenges, we introduce SpaIM, a style transfer learning model that leverages single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data to predict unmeasured gene expressions in ST profiles. By disentangling shared content and modality-specific styles, SpaIM effectively integrates scRNA-seq's rich gene expression with the spatial context of ST. Evaluated across 53 datasets spanning sequencing- and imaging-based spatial technologies in various tissue types, SpaIM consistently outperforms 12 state-of-the-art methods in improving gene coverage and expression accuracy. Furthermore, SpaIM enhances downstream analyses, including ligand-receptor interaction inference, spatial domain characterization, and differential gene expression analysis. Released as open-source software, SpaIM expands accessibility and utility in ST research. Overall, SpaIM represents a robust and generalizable framework for enriching ST data with single-cell information, enabling deeper insights into tissue architecture and cellular function.

Indexed as

Gene Expression ProfilingSingle-Cell AnalysisSoftwareTranscriptomeAnimalsComputational BiologyHumansRNA-SeqSequence Analysis, RNA

Identifiers

PMID40849313
PMCPMC12375071

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.