ArticleDrug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals2025
Triethylamine N-oxygenation mediated by liver and kidney microsomes and recombinant flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) and FMO1 proteins from humans, monkeys, pigs, and dogs.
Article in Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
A family of NADPH-dependent flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs; EC 1.14.13.8) mediate the oxygenation of various N-containing molecules. Human FMO3 and FMO1 are the major hepatic and renal forms, respectively; monkey, dog, and pig FMO3 and FMO1 have also been identified. Triethylamine has been found in the urine of manufacturing workers. Although triethylamine was predicted to be metabolized by N-oxygenation by human FMO3 because of its classic base dissociation constant, enzymatic role of FMOs in triethylamine N-oxygenation remains to be investigated. Consequently, triethylamine N-oxygenation was investigated with FMO1/3 enzyme sources. The rate of triethylamine N-oxygenation mediated by human liver microsomes was similar to that mediated by human kidney microsomes. In contrast, the rates of triethylamine N-oxygenation by monkey, dog, and minipig liver microsomes were higher than those by kidney microsomes. Human liver microsomal triethylamine N-oxygenation was extensively suppressed by preheating liver microsomes at 45 °C for 5 minutes, suggesting a major role of FMOs in triethylamine N-oxygenation. Recombinant human, monkey, and dog FMO3 efficiently mediated triethylamine N-oxygenation, whereas only pig FMO1 exhibited this activity. Human liver microsomes and recombinant FMO3 showed similar K
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