Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40848169›Full record

ArticleCognitive processing2026

Unmasking mental distress: exploring the spectrum of cognitive distortions associated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation.

Yaqian Shi, Yingxian Zhang, Lei Lei

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Article in Cognitive processing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Yaqian ShiSchool of Foreign Languages, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China.
Yingxian ZhangSchool of Foreign Languages, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China. yingxianz@163.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3692-266X
Lei LeiInstitute of Language Sciences, Shanghai International Studies University, 1550 Wenxiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, PR China.

Funding

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 2025WKQN006The Major Research Grant of Shanghai International Studies University 23ZD011
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Previous studies found that individuals with mental illness may have cognitive distortions. However, their findings are far from conclusive since most research focused on depression while less attention was paid to other mental illnesses such as anxiety and suicidal ideation. In addition, differences in cognitive distortions across individuals with different mental illnesses such as anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation remain underexplored. To address these issues, this study investigated 12 types of cognitive distortions in individuals with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation based on an analysis of their language use patterns on social media. The analysis yielded several findings of interest. First, individuals with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation showed significantly higher cognitive distortions than those without mental illness. More specifically, they were characterised by significantly higher cognitive distortions of dichotomous reasoning, labelling and mislabelling, overgeneralizing, and personalizing. Second, individuals with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation differ from one another in cognitive distortions. Individuals with more severe symptoms of mental illness have higher cognitive distortions such as dichotomous reasoning. These findings have significant clinical implications for the diagnosis of and prevention of mental illness.

Indexed as

AnxietyCognitive DysfunctionDepressionSuicidal IdeationAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultCognitive distortionsLanguage useMental illness

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.