ArticleEuropean radiology2026
Pushing the limits of cardiac MRI: deep-learning based real-time cine imaging in free breathing vs breath hold.
Article in European radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reproducibility of cardiac volumetric parameters derived from fully automatically prescribed image planes: a direct comparison to manual planning at 1.5-T and 3-T MRI.European radiology · 2026Article
- Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Imaging: Where Do We Stand?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Intra- and inter-field strength reproducibility of deep-learning based real-time cardiac MRI cine sequences with breath hold and in free breathing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate deep-learning (DL) based real-time cardiac cine sequences acquired in free breathing (FB) vs breath hold (BH). MATERIALS AND
methodsIn this prospective single-centre cohort study, 56 healthy adult volunteers were investigated on a 1.5-T MRI scanner. A set of real-time cine sequences, including a short-axis stack, 2-, 3-, and 4-chamber views, was acquired in FB and with BH. A validated DL-based cine sequence acquired over three cardiac cycles served as the reference standard for volumetric results. Subjective image quality (sIQ) was rated by two blinded readers. Volumetric analysis of both ventricles was performed.
resultssIQ was rated as good to excellent for FB real-time cine images, slightly inferior to BH real-time cine images (p < 0.0001). Overall acquisition time for one set of cine sequences was 50% shorter with FB (median 90 vs 180 s, p < 0.0001). There were significant differences between the real-time sequences and the reference in left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume, LV end-systolic volume, LV stroke volume and LV mass. Nevertheless, BH cine imaging showed excellent correlation with the reference standard, with an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.90 for all parameters except right ventricular ejection fraction (RV EF, ICC = 0.887). With FB cine imaging, correlation with the reference standard was good for LV ejection fraction (LV EF, ICC = 0.825) and RV EF (ICC = 0.824) and excellent (ICC > 0.90) for all other parameters.
conclusionDL-based real-time cine imaging is feasible even in FB with good to excellent image quality and acceptable volumetric results in healthy volunteers. KEY POINTS: Question Conventional cardiac MR (CMR) cine imaging is challenged by arrhythmias and patients unable to hold their breath, since data is acquired over several heartbeats. Findings DL-based real-time cine imaging is feasible in FB with acceptable volumetric results and reduced acquisition time by 50% compared to real-time breath-hold sequences. Clinical relevance This study fits into the wider goal of increasing the availability of CMR by reducing the complexity, duration of the examination and improving patient comfort and making CMR available even for patients who are unable to hold their breath.
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