ArticleIndian dermatology online journal2025
Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Apremilast in the Management of Oral Ulcers in Behcet's Disease: A Systematic Review.
Article in Indian dermatology online journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- How I Treat: Haploinsufficiency of A20.Journal of human immunity · 2026Review
- Mechanisms outpacing medicine in autoinflammatory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBehçet's disease (BD) is a type of inflammatory disorder affecting multiple parts of the body. Apremilast is a selective inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4). The diminished inflammatory response by PDE4 inhibition is reported to offer a therapeutic benefit and clinical improvement in BD. MATERIALS AND
methodsA systematic electronic literature search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost were searched from January 2014 to March 2024 in English language only. Eligible studies included clinical patient studies that evaluated the effectiveness and safety of apremilast on oral ulcers in BD.
resultsFour articles included in the qualitative analysis stated that apremilast resulted in a significant reduction in oral ulcers even in patients refractory to several systemic drugs. Risk of bias assessment indicated low to moderate bias in all the studies. LIMITATION: Lack of sufficient literature, with different study designs preventing meta-analysis.
conclusionApremilast has proved to be effective and safe in the management of oral ulcers in BD, indicating its use as a drug of choice. Further research with a longer follow-up period and an active comparator is required to determine its efficacy over long periods of administration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.