Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40847522›Full record

Trial reportCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2025

Multi-Target Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Zixuan Zhang, Danyang Liu, Wenjing Song, Jinyu Li, Xi Wang, Peixiao Yin, Yuning Liu, Min Xu, Fujia Li, Yumeng Li and 2 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Zixuan ZhangDepartment of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.ORCID 0009-0004-7944-3601
Danyang LiuDepartment of Neurology, The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Wenjing SongDepartment of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8696-043X
Jinyu LiDepartment of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Xi WangDepartment of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Peixiao YinDepartment of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.ORCID 0009-0008-8521-0408
Yuning LiuDepartment of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Min XuDepartment of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Fujia LiDepartment of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Yumeng LiDepartment of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Guiyun CuiDepartment of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Wei ZhangDepartment of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Funding

Construction Project of High-Level Hospital of Jiangsu Province GSPJS202418Construction Project of High-Level Hospital of Jiangsu Province GSPJS202426High-Level Hospital Construction Special Fund Project of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityKey R&D Program (Social Development) of Xuzhou KC22249Scientific Research of Health Care for Cadres in Jiangsu Province BJ23028
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveIn this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial, we investigated the efficacy of multi-target 10-Hz rTMS targeting both M1 and SMA in alleviating freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.

methodsEighty-four PD-FOG patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to four groups: M1 and SMA group, M1 group, SMA group, and sham group. rTMS was administered once daily for 10 consecutive days. Assessments were conducted at baseline (T0), after the final session (T1), and 30 days posttreatment (T2), using the FOG-Q, UPDRS-III, Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test, Standing-Start 180° Turn (SS-180) Test, and measures of emotion and cognition.

resultsApplication of 10-Hz rTMS to bilateral M1 or SMA significantly reduced FOG severity, improved motor function, and alleviated emotional disturbances in PD patients, with effects lasting at least 1 month. Compared to single-target stimulation, multi-target stimulation of M1 and SMA high-frequency rTMS showed more pronounced therapeutic effects across these outcomes. However, no significant cognitive improvements were observed in either the real or sham stimulation groups.

conclusionsThe results of this study indicate that bilateral M1 and SMA 10-Hz rTMS is a promising therapeutic approach, providing new possibilities for clinical treatment.

Indexed as

Gait Disorders, NeurologicParkinson DiseaseTranscranial Magnetic StimulationAgedDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMotor CortexTreatment Outcomefreezing of gaitmotor cortexParkinson's diseaserepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationsupplementary motor area

Identifiers

PMID40847522
PMCPMC12373707

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.