SynthesisBMC pediatrics2025
The effects of environmental enrichment in infants with or at high risk of cerebral palsy: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07469514 (CIRCLE-CP Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
CIRCLE-CP Study: Coaching, Learning, Empowerment in Cerebral Palsy - a 6-Week Integrated PT/OT Caregiver "Primer" Bootcamp for Infants Diagnosed With or at High Risk for Cerebral Palsy
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- New Approaches in Motor Intervention for Infants Aged 0-2 Years with or at High Risk of Unilateral or Bilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Environmental enrichment as a mitochondria-targeting systems strategy across neurodegenerative diseases and retinal dystrophies.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- The role of sensory experience in the maturation of prefrontal cortical circuits.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of environmental enrichment (EE) in infants with or at high risk of cerebral palsy (CP), as well as to identify the most effective age window for intervention.
methodsPubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Web of Science Core Collection, Psychological Information Database, and Sociological Index were searched from database inception to 27 February 2025. All data analysis was performed using Stata 17.0. Differences were expressed using standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Outcomes, including motor development, gross motor function, fine motor function, and cognitive development, were investigated.
resultsFourteen randomized controlled trials with 592 participants were included. Of the 14 included articles, 50% were assessed as low risk, 36% were assessed as some concerns, and 14% were assessed as high risk. EE interventions significantly improved motor development (SMD = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.60; p = 0.004), gross motor function (SMD = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.44; p = 0.011), and cognitive development (SMD = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.54; p = 0.004) in infants with or at high risk of CP. No significant effect was observed on fine motor function. Subgroup analyses indicated that the optimal age window for EE is 6-18 months for motor development and 6-12 months for cognitive development. The overall quality of evidence ranged from high to low.
conclusionsEE interventions significantly improve motor development, gross motor function, and cognitive development in infants with or at high risk of CP.
trial registrationThe protocol of this study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024523400).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.