ArticleCardiovascular diabetology2025
Lipid metabolism-related inflammatory indices (LMIIs) and incident peripheral artery diseases (PAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): a multicohort study from China and the UK biobank.
Article in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Joint effects of depression, lipid metabolic dysfunction, and their trajectories on incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity: a prospective multi-cohort analysis from two national cohorts.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- Diagnostic value of systemic immune-inflammation composite index combined with triglyceride-glucose index in type 2 diabetes patients with coronary heart disease: a retrospective diagnostic model study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus and incident carotid atherosclerosis: a retrospective cohort study on composite indices.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Comparative associations of immune-inflammatory, immune-lipid, and metabolic composite indices with hyperuricemia among Chinese adults with glycemic abnormalities: a health examination-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- Lymphocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio is negatively associated with diabetic macular edema in type 2 diabetic patients.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Platelet to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio predicts clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLipid metabolism-related inflammatory indices (LMIIs) have been recognized as potential biomarkers for the risks of atherosclerosis and major adverse cardiovascular events. This study aims to explore the associations of LMIIs, including neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR), monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), platelet to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (PHR), and lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LHR), with the risk of incident peripheral artery disease (PAD) in elderly T2DM patients.
methodsA total of 2837 participants aged ≥ 60 years with T2DM from the Jinshan Cohort (China) and 13,542 participants from the UK Biobank (UK) were included in the primary analyses. According to the type of outcome variables, logistic regression models and Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate the risks of incident PAD associated with LMIIs. The methods of generalized propensity score (GPS), E-value and negative control exposure (NCE) were applied to control the potential confounding. Additionally, stratified analyses were performed across various populations to examine potential heterogeneity in the effects of LMIIs on PAD risk. Mediation effects of liver and kidney function-related indicators on associations between LMIIs and incident PAD were also explored.
resultsThe results from traditional regression models suggested positive associations of incident PAD with all four LMIIs. In the Jinshan Cohort, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PAD for one-unit increase in NHR (10
conclusionsElevated levels of LMIIs, such as NHR, MHR, PHR and LHR, were associated with an increased risk of incident PAD among elderly diabetic patients. These associations exhibited notable population heterogeneity, with stronger effects observed in females and individuals with higher HbA1c level. eGFR may serve as a mediating factor in the associations between LMIIs and the occurrence of PAD. These findings provide novel evidence for immune inflammation-based risk assessment and personalized preventive strategies for PAD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.