Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40847122›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Effect of acid modification of Biochar derived from spent mushroom substrate on the production of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus).

Wei Hu, Lanming Gou, Liujie Hu, Shuai Wang, Tao Liang, Na Zhou

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Wei Hu *Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China.
Lanming Gou *Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China.
Liujie HuChongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China.
Shuai WangChongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chongqing, 401121, China.
Tao LiangChongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China.
Na ZhouChongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China. Zn189832026@163.com.

Funding

Municipal-level Fiscal Science and Technology Innovation Projects of CQAAS KYLX20240500097Special Project for Performance-Based Incentive Guidance of Scientific Research Institutions in Chongqing Municipality CSTB2023JXJL-YFX0001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) disposal presents significant environmental challenges in the edible fungi industry. Converting SMS into biochar offers a promising resource utilization approach; however, the original biochar properties limit its effectiveness in mushroom cultivation applications. In this study, SMS biochar was modified by phosphoric acid treatment to form acid-modified mushroom substrates (AMMS), and the influence of acid-modified mushroom substrates on the production of oyster mushroom was evaluated. According to the obtained data, Acid modification significantly increased the surface area and micropore volumes of biochar. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed the hydrophilicity and adsorption capacity of acid-modified biochar have been enhanced. The highest-performing treatments in AMMS showed 13-16% yield increases compared to unmodified biochar treatments, with harvest time advanced by 2.5 days. The safety assessment confirmed that all treatments with biochar added had no video security risks. In conclusion, phosphoric acid modification of SMS biochar significantly improves its performance as a mushroom cultivation substrate additive. This approach provides an effective strategy for SMS resource utilization and offers technical support for optimizing oyster mushroom cultivation practices.

Indexed as

CharcoalPhosphoric AcidsPleurotusAdsorptionSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredbiocharCharcoalphosphoric acidPhosphoric AcidsAcid-modified biocharFood safetyOyster mushroomSpent mushroom substrate

Identifiers

PMID40847122
PMCPMC12373932

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.