ArticleScientific reports2025
A novel and optimized design of D-latch and D flip-flop for QCA-based digital systems.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology represents a promising approach in quantum electronics and nanoscale digital systems. Nevertheless, QCA-based circuits continue to face challenges related to minimizing cell count, optimizing area efficiency, and reducing delay. This study proposes a novel D-latch with set and reset capabilities, along with a rising-edge-triggered D flip-flop featuring similar functionalities, and a compact 4-bit shift register. The proposed D flip-flop employs 28 cells, occupies an area of 0.02 μm², and achieves a delay of 0.5 clock cycles. Similarly, the D-latch consists of 18 cells, occupies 0.01 μm², and demonstrates comparable delay performance. Relative to previous designs, the proposed D-latch shows a 34.87% reduction in cell count and a 60% decrease in area, while the D flip-flop exhibits improvements of 44.5% and 55.6% in these metrics, respectively. These results suggest enhanced compactness and efficiency compared to selected existing works, supporting the potential for low-power, high-density circuit implementations within QCA technology. All simulations were conducted using QCA Designer version 2.0.3, following established QCA design principles.
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