ArticleBMC plant biology2025
Methyl Indole-3-Acetate (MEIAA) mediated stem curvature and apical meristem necrosis in Ageratina adenophora: impacts on cell wall components, vascular system integrity, and key metabolic pathways.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chemical Constituents of the Endophytic FungusMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Phytochemical, Bioactive, and Toxicological Aspects ofBiomolecules · 2026Review
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe invasive weed Ageratina adenophora poses significant ecological threats, necessitating novel control strategies. This study investigated the phytotoxic potential of methyl indole-3-acetate (MEIAA) through foliar application. As a methylated derivative of IAA, MEIAA exists in plants at extremely low concentrations and exhibits herbicidal properties distinct from conventional auxin mimics such as 2,4-D. Additionally, we integrated histochemical staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and multi-omics analyses to reveal MEIAA mediated structural changes in A. adenophora.
resultsAt 20 mM (optimized concentration), MEIAA induced dose-dependent stem curvature (1d post-treatment) and apical meristem necrosis (3d). Mechanistic analyses revealed three combined effects: (1) Structural compromise: MEIAA reduced lignin (20–73%), cellulose (9–29%), hemicellulose (4–11%), and pectin (6–36%) in stems, impairing mechanical integrity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) further demonstrated severe ultra-structural aberrations, including plasmolysis, organelle disintegration, and cell wall fragmentation. (2) Vascular collapse: Histological staining revealed disorganized vascular bundles and lignin-depleted xylem vessels, disrupting water/nutrient transport. (3) Metabolic-transcriptional dysregulation: Multi-omics integration identified MEIAA-induced perturbations in carbohydrate metabolism (e.g., elevated D-mannose, D-galactose; altered starch/sucrose pathways) and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (suppressed lignin precursors: coniferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde). Concurrently, MEIAA bi-directionally regulated 26 phytohormone signaling genes (e.g., AUX/IAA, ARF, PYR/PYL), diverting metabolic flux from growth to stress responses. Crucially, qRT-PCR validated RNA-seq reliability, highlighting MEIAA’s unique regulatory divergence from both natural auxin (IAA) and synthetic analogs like 2,4-D.
conclusionThese findings position MEIAA as a potent and distinctive auxin-mimic herbicide, disrupting physiological homeostasis via multi-target inhibition. Our results provide a mechanistic foundation for developing MEIAA as an eco-friendly herbicide specifically for controlling invasive A. adenophora.
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