Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40846531›Full record

SynthesisUrologic oncology2025

Evaluating surrogates for overall survival in the adjuvant treatment of bladder cancer with chemotherapy.

C N Sternberg, P Squifflet, E D Saad, S Burdett, D Fisher, M Kurt, S Teitsson, J R May, M Y Patel, M Stoeckle and 8 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Urologic oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

C N SternbergEnglander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: cns9006@med.cornell.edu.
P SquiffletIDDI, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
E D SaadIDDI, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
S BurdettMRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, London, UK.
D FisherMRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, London, UK.
M KurtBristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
S TeitssonBristol Myers Squibb, Uxbridge, UK.
J R MayBristol Myers Squibb, Uxbridge, UK.
M Y PatelBristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
M StoeckleDepartment of Urology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
F TortiDepartment of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT.
R CoteDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.
E M RuggeriUOC Oncologia e Rete Oncologica, ASL, Viterbo, Italy.
A ZhegalikUrology, N. N. Alexandrov National Cancer Center, Lesnoy, Minsk District, Belarus.
J F TierneyMRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, London, UK.
L ColletteIDDI, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
T BurzykowskiIDDI, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
M BuyseIDDI, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSurrogates for overall survival (OS) can expedite the development of adjuvant treatments for bladder cancer. We evaluated whether disease-free survival (DFS) or distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) are valid surrogates for OS in patients with muscle-invasive disease treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy after radical cystectomy.

methodsWe analyzed individual patient data from 1075 patients enrolled in 9 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified by systematic review. These RCTs compared adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy combined with local treatment versus local treatment alone and excluded neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We measured the patient-level association between DFS/DMFS and OS using Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ), and the trial-level association between hazard ratios (HRs) using R

resultsThe evaluation of DFS in the ITT population showed ρ = 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87-0.90) and R

conclusionIn the adjuvant treatment of bladder cancer with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, DFS is a moderate to strong surrogate for OS, while DMFS is a strong surrogate for OS.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsCisplatinUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsChemotherapy, AdjuvantCystectomyDisease-Free SurvivalFemaleHumansMaleRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicCisplatinAdjuvant therapyBladder neoplasmsDisease-free survivalOverall survivalPlatinum compoundsSurrogate endpoints

Identifiers

PMID40846531
PMCPMC7619355

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.