SynthesisInflammatory bowel diseases2026
Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis: Safety and Effectiveness of Combining Biologics and Small Molecules in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
Synthesis in Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Safety and efficacy of advanced combination therapies for treating inflammatory bowel disease in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2026Pooled it
- Dual biologics or combination therapy with small molecules in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical Outcomes During Concurrent Dupilumab and Advanced Immune-Modifying Therapy: A Real-World Cohort Study.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Advanced Combination Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What Does the Future Hold?BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- [Advanced Combination Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease].The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi · 2026Review
- Effectiveness and safety of upadacitinib in refractory pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: A single-arm meta-analysis of observational studies.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association · 2026Article
- Dual Biologic or Small Molecule Therapy in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Single Center Experience.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) evaluates the safety and effectiveness of combining biologics and/or small molecules in treating refractory inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
methodsOur 2022 SRMA identified 13 studies published until November 3, 2020. An updated systematic search was completed from May 2020 through January 31, 2024. Random-effects inverse variance model was used to calculate pooled estimates for adverse events (AEs) and clinical and endoscopic-radiologic response/remission rates in IBD patients.
resultsTwenty-seven eligible studies had 619 patients and 631 therapeutic trials (TTs). Upadacitinib (UPA) + vedolizumab (VDZ) and tofacitinib (Tofa) + anti-TNF (aTNF) had the lowest AEs rate (0%, 2 TTs) and (9.2%, 33 TTs), respectively. Higher AE rates were seen in natalizumab (NAT) + aTNF (92.3%, 52 TTs) and aTNF + guselkumab (63.4%, 71 TTs). No serious AEs (SAEs) were observed in NAT + aTNF (52 TTs), Tofa + ustekinumab (UST) (23 TTs), and UPA + VDZ (2 TTs). The highest rate of SAEs was observed in UPA + UST (23%, 17 TTs). UPA + UST and UPA + VDZ had 100% clinical response rates and the highest clinical remission rates (83.3%, 12 TTs) and (100%, 2 TTs), respectively. High clinical response rates were also seen in Tofa + aTNF (82.7%, 34 TTs), UST + aTNF (82.1%, 63 TTs), and VDZ + UST (82.0%, 71 TTs).
conclusionsCombining biologics and/or small molecules may be effective for IBD patients who fail to achieve remission with monotherapy; however, safety profiles need to be carefully considered prior to implementing these strategies in clinical practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.