ArticlePloS one2025
Global burden of NAFLD 1990-2021 and projections to 2035: Results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Therapeutic potential of Akkermansia muciniphila in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Apabetalone Drives a Metabolic Shift Towards Ketogenesis and Reduces Liver Steatosis in Diet-Induced Obesity Mice.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Wendan decoction modulates Parasutterella to influence fatty acid metabolism in MAFLD via the FXR/PPARα/CYP4A12A axis.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Multimodal artificial intelligence models for liver fibrosis staging: a scoping review.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Review
- Relationship between triglyceride-glucose-derived obesity indices and NAFLD in adolescents: A cross-sectional study.Medicine · 2026Article
- White blood cell count to platelet ratio (WBC/PLT) is associated with adverse lipid parameters and lower antioxidants intake in patients with NAFLD.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Galectin-3 Promotes Graft Injury via NLRP3 Pyroptosis in Steatotic Liver Transplantation: A Therapeutic Target for Donor Optimization.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2026Article
- Knowledge and Determinants of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Adults in Northern Border Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Restoring Mitochondrial Homeostasis: Therapeutic Strategies for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
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8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. The global burden of NAFLD is increasing. This study used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study data to assess the burden and development trends of NAFLD from 1990 to 2021.
methodsThe incidence, prevalence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates of NAFLD in geographic populations worldwide from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the GBD 2021 study data. The global temporal trend of NAFLD from 1990 to 2021 was evaluated using estimated annual percentage change and age-standardized rate. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict NAFLD burden future trends to 2035.
resultsThe global age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of NAFLD among the all-age population increased by 25% and the age standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) increased by 24%. The age standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) were relatively stable. Countries with middle socio-demographic index (SDI) had the highest ASIR and ASPR from 1990 to 2021, high-middle SDI and high SDI had the lowest ASMR and ASDR. North Africa and Middle East had the highest ASIR and ASPR in 2021, ASIR increased at the greatest rate in East Asia and Western Europe, ASPR increased at the greatest rate in Western Europe. In 2021, the highest number of incidence cases and incidence rates were in 20-24 years group, reflecting a tendency towards a younger onset of NAFLD.
conclusionsThe global burden of NAFLD has risen steadily from 1990 to 2021, and projections to 2035, placing enormous pressure on society. It is necessary to implement measures targeting risk factors such as high fasting plasma glucose and tobacco, including improving lifestyle, adjusting diet, and applying drug intervention.
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