ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025
Hippocampal mismatch signals are based on episodic memories and not schematic knowledge.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Transcriptomic Profiling in Aged Mice Reveals an Association Between Sevoflurane Anesthesia and Neurocognitive Dysfunction.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- The mentalizing network updates neural representations of romantic interest in response to social feedback.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2026Article
- How Prediction of the Future Affects Encoding of the Present: Cooperation or Competition?Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2026Article
- Complementary roles of the human perirhinal and the entorhinal cortex in the hippocampal retrieval of episodic memory.iScience · 2025Article
- Strong mnemonic prediction errors increase cognitive control, attention, and arousal.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Hippocampal mismatch signals are based on episodic memories and not schematic knowledge.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Prediction errors drive learning by signaling mismatches between expectations and reality, but the neural systems supporting these computations remain debated. The hippocampus is implicated in mismatch detection, yet it is not known whether it signals mismatches with episodic memories or generalized knowledge. Across three functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) experiments, we show that the hippocampus selectively responds to mismatches with episodic memories of specific events. In contrast, schematic mismatches engage Semantic Control and Multiple Demand Networks, as well as subcortical regions linked to prediction error signaling. Episodic mismatches also recruit the Default Mode Network. These findings challenge accounts that propose the hippocampus is a domain-general mismatch detector. Instead, the findings support a more specialized role for the hippocampus in learning that is underpinned by its well-established importance in processing episodic memories.
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Registered trials
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