Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40844762›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

Laser-emitting aqueous bioreactors for ultrasensitive bioactivity analysis.

Guocheng Fang, Po-Hao Tseng, Jie Liao, Song Zhu, Tian Zhou, Hangrui Liu, Hui Zhu, Dayong Jin, Lan Yang, Yu-Cheng Chen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Guocheng Fang *School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-5457-7030
Po-Hao Tseng *School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.ORCID 0009-0009-6195-9614
Jie LiaoDepartment of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130.ORCID 0000-0003-2333-1454
Song ZhuSchool of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
Tian ZhouSchool of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
Hangrui LiuDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.
Hui ZhuSchool of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
Dayong JinInstitute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1046-2666
Lan YangDepartment of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130.
Yu-Cheng ChenSchool of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-0008-5601

Funding

Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) M21K2c0106Cancer Institute NSW (Cancer Institute New South Wales) 2024/ECF1564
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Water droplets, acting as natural bioreactors and optical whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) resonators, hold the potential for laser-assisted analysis. However, water/aqueous droplet lasers can only survive in air with a limited lifespan (<100 s) due to rapid evaporation, restricting their applications in bioreactions. To address this challenge, we introduce laser-emitting aqueous bioreactors (LEABs) in fluorocarbon oils. These LEABs enable stable laser emission and extend a droplet lifespan over 1,000-fold. LEABs enable the encapsulation of bioactive materials for long-term analysis with unique lasing characteristic fingerprints. The reactions within LEAB can interact with the most resonating light, enhancing detection sensitivity by over 100-fold compared to conventional WGM sensors. By integrating LEABs with microfluidic droplet technology, we demonstrated their application in monitoring enzyme activity and cellular metabolism at single-cell and multicellular levels. Furthermore, we showed the laser threshold-gated screening of single yeast. This platform can bridge the gap between laser technology and biochemical applications, broadening the scope of laser-based analysis.

Indexed as

BioreactorsLasersWaterSaccharomyces cerevisiaeWateraqueous dropletbioreactionmicrolaseroptical resonatorwhispering-gallery-mode

Identifiers

PMID40844762
PMCPMC12403010

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.