ArticleInternational urogynecology journal2026
Effects of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries (OASIS) on Incidence of Urinary and Anal Incontinence After Childbirth in Nigeria: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Article in International urogynecology journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisObstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) are serious complications of vaginal birth. The burden is expected to be high in Nigeria due to high fertility and aversion to caesarean section (C/S); however, the incidence, effects on urinary incontinence (UI)/anal incontinence (AI), and quality of life (QoL) are largely unknown. This study determined the incidence of and risk factors for OASIS, as well as the effects of OASIS on UI/AI after childbirth, and QoL.
methodsA prospective cohort study of post-partum women in Nigeria over a 16-month period, from January 2022 to April 2023. The study consisted of three groups-the OASIS group (group A) and two comparison groups (groups B and C). Group A had OASIS, group B had episiotomy/2nd degree spontaneous perineal tear (SPT), while group C had intact perineum/1st degree SPT. The women were followed-up for 3 months to determine incidence of and risk factors for OASIS, as well as the effects of OASIS on UI/AI, and QoL using validated questionnaires.
resultsThere were 3027 vaginal births with 60 OASIS (1.98%). Incidence of UI/AI was higher with group A than B (p = 0.026 and 0.005, respectively) and C (p = 0.011 and 0.003, respectively). There were no differences between groups B and C (p > 0.05). Risk factors for OASIS were age ≥ 35 years, low social class, nulliparity, previous C/S, prolonged labor, and macrosomia. QoL mean scores were lower in group A than group B (p = 0.027) and group C (p = 0.009).
conclusionsApproximately two in every 100 Nigerian women experience OASIS following vaginal birth in a hospital setting, which is associated with increased risks of UI, AI, and reduced QoL, underscoring the need for preventive strategies and appropriate postpartum care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40844544What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.