Observational studyAmerican journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)2025
Dynamics of Cytokines and Chemokines During the Peripartum Period in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
Observational study in American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The HIV Reservoir and Immune Landscape Across the Life Course of Women: Implications for Cure Strategies.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Compartment-specific soluble immune profiles associated with preterm birth, perinatal death, and low birthweight in pregnant individuals living with HIV.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dynamics of Cytokines and Chemokines During the Peripartum Period in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Observational
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
problemPregnancy requires a precisely regulated immune response to support fetal development and minimize complications. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection induces a chronic inflammatory state and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this observational cohort of pregnant people living with HIV in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), we sought to gain a deeper understanding of peripartum changes in cytokines, chemokines and soluble factors (collectively termed immune factors). METHOD OF STUDY: Pregnant individuals living with HIV were enrolled during their second or third trimester in Kinshasa, DRC, between October 2020 and May 2021. Peripheral blood samples were collected at: enrollment (second or third trimester), 1-3 days postdelivery and postpartum. Concentrations of 45 immune factors were measured using LegendPlex and ELISAs.
resultsMost chemokines decreased significantly from enrollment to postdelivery, followed by a rebound in the postpartum period. Meanwhile, concentrations of myoglobin, serum amyloid A-1 protein (SAA), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), increased from enrollment to postdelivery, followed by a decrease postpartum. Finally, protein S100-A8/protein S100-A9 (S100A8/A9) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 (IGFBP4) consistently increased from enrollment through postpartum.
conclusionsThe postdelivery decline in chemokines observed in this study has not previously been reported. This shift may result from two mechanisms: greater-than-expected placental chemokine production or the degradation of key signaling molecules during parturition and early uterine involution. Additionally, the rise in proinflammatory markers from enrollment to postdelivery suggests a persistent inflammatory state, either unaffected by fetal delivery or worsened by tissue damage in the gestational parent.
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