ArticleIEEE sensors journal2025
Digital Immunoassay for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in a Broad Spectrum of Animals.
Article in IEEE sensors journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
The ability of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to infect a wide-range of species raises significant concerns regarding both human-to-animal and animal-to-human transmission. There is an increasing demand for highly sensitive, rapid, and simple diagnostic assays capable of detecting viral infection across various species. In this study, we developed a biosensor assay based on a blocking ELISA (bELISA) immunoassay format. The assay employs a photonic crystal (PC) biosensor, gold-nanoparticle (AuNP) tags, SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein, and specific anti-N monoclonal antibody (mAb) to detect antibody responses in animals exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Based on an evaluation of 162 cat serum samples with known antibody status, an optimal percentage of inhibition (PI) cut-off value of 0.5877 resulted in a diagnostic sensitivity of 97.80% and a diagnostic specificity of 98.67%. The assay demonstrated high repeatability with low variation coefficients across different conditions, ensuring consistent performance. Additionally, the assay successfully detected anti-N antibody responses in ferrets and deer as early as 14 days post-infection (DPI), and in cats infected with both Omicron (B.1.1.529) and B.1 D614G (B.1) variants as early as 7 DPI. These results highlight the assay's ability to detect infections early and reliably across species and its capability to identify multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2. This test platform provides an important tool for rapid field surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection across multiple species.
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