ArticleReports of biochemistry & molecular biology2025
Palmitate-increased TGF-β1 Gene Expression and p-Smad2/3 Protein Levels Attenuated by Chicoric Acid in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Article in Reports of biochemistry & molecular biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comprehensive analysis of the TGF-β signaling pathway: molecular mechanisms, disease drivers, and frontiers in clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Metformin Increased Histone Deacetylases 1, 3, and 8 Expressions as Epigenetic Regulators in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.Reports of biochemistry & molecular biology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Modulating this pathway may offer therapeutic benefits for managing T2DM. Chicoric acid (CA), a polyphenolic compound with reported anti-diabetic properties, has shown potential in metabolic regulation; however, its precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of palmitate and CA on the TGF-β1 signaling pathway in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from newly diagnosed T2DM patients and healthy controls. Methods: A total of 40 participants, including 20 newly diagnosed T2DM patients and 20 age-matched healthy individuals (40-60 years), were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and treated with palmitate and CA. The expression of TGF-β1 mRNA was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Protein levels of Smad2/3 and phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) were assessed via western blot analysis. Results: Palmitate stimulation significantly upregulated TGF-β1 gene expression and increased p-Smad2/3 protein levels in PBMCs. However, CA treatment effectively attenuated these palmitate-induced elevations in TGF-β1 expression and p-Smad2/3 protein levels. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between TGF-β1 expression and p-Smad2/3 protein levels. Conclusions: These findings suggest that CA may act as an inhibitor of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, potentially contributing to T2DM management by downregulating TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Further studies are warranted to explore its therapeutic potential in diabetes treatment.
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