ArticleCureus2025
Neuroprotective Effects of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors on Sestrin-2 (SESN2) Expression and Autophagy in Alzheimer's Disease Model.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides. The neuroprotective protein sestrin-2 (SESN2) has been implicated in the cellular response to oxidative stress and autophagy, processes that are disrupted in AD. This study explores the effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEIs) roflumilast (RF), rolipram (ROL), and tadalafil (TAD) on SESN2 expression and autophagy in Aβ25-35-treated hippocampal neuron (HT-22) cell cultures.
methodsThe HT-22 cells were exposed to 5 μM Aβ25-35 for 32 hours to induce AD-like pathology. Concurrently, cells were treated with PDEIs (ROL: 10 μM, TAD: 1.53 nM, RF: 5 μM). The SESN2, autophagy-related proteins (ATG5, beclin-1 (BECN1), LC3II), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mTOR expression levels were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot techniques.
resultsThe Aβ25-35 exposure significantly increased SESN2 expression and altered the levels of autophagy-related proteins, resulting in decreased active AMPK (phosphorylated (p)-AMPK) and increased active mTOR (phosphorylated (p)-mTOR). Treatment with PDEIs reduced the elevated SESN2 expression and modulated autophagy-related protein levels, enhancing ATG5, BECN1, and LC3II expression. The PDEIs also restored p-AMPK levels and reduced p-mTOR expression in Aβ25-35-treated cells.
conclusionThe PDEIs exhibit neuroprotective effects in an in vitro AD model by reducing SESN2 overexpression and modulating autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. These findings suggest that PDEIs could be potential therapeutic agents for AD, targeting SESN2 and autophagy pathways to mitigate neurodegenerative damage.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.