Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40842000›Full record

ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025

Listening to the women's experience of perinatal domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative content analysis.

Raheleh Babazadeh, Malikeh Amel Barez

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Raheleh BabazadehReproductive Health, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Malikeh Amel BarezDepartment of Nursing and Midwifery, MMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran. amelbarez@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPregnant women and their fetuses would be a high-risk population and more susceptible to COVID-19 infection. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, quarantine, social distancing and isolation, and the consequences were likely to increase the risk of domestic violence dramatically. This study aimed to explore women's experiences of perinatal domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic.

methodsThis qualitative study was conducted from November 2020 to December 2022 in Mashhad, Iran. Data were collected through remote individual semi-structured interviews with 9 women who experienced perinatal domestic violence, and 7 key informants with relevant specialists, until data saturation was achieved. The data were analysed using conventional content analysis, as adopted by Graneheim and Lundman.

resultsThe 4 main themes that emerged from the data analysis were "aggravators of perinatal violence", "enhanced vulnerability", "strategies for dealing with perinatal violence" and "neglected needs".

conclusionThe high prevalence and the adverse consequences of perinatal domestic violence during the COVID-19 crisis provide a golden opportunity for performing appropriate interventions. The perinatal period provides a crucial opportunity to identify and support pregnant women who have been victimized and may have lost contact with other supportive services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological and physical support, as well as social connectedness, are important strategies during the period of isolation for individuals at risk of domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Indexed as

COVID-19Domestic ViolencePregnant PeopleQuarantineAdultFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicIranMaleMiddle AgedPandemicsPregnancyPrevalenceQualitative ResearchSARS-CoV-2COVID-19Domestic violencePregnancyQualitative study

Identifiers

PMID40842000
PMCPMC12369041

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.